英文法
CEFRレベル別の英文法177項目。形、解説、和訳付き例文、よくある間違いをまとめました。
英文法 A1 32項目
- 1Subject pronouns主格の人称代名詞
- 2To be: am / is / arebe動詞(現在)
- 3Have / have got持っている:have / have got
- 4Plural nouns名詞の複数形
- 5A / an不定冠詞 a / an
- 6The定冠詞 the
- 7This / that / these / those指示語:this / that / these / those
- 8Possessive adjectives: my, your, his...所有格(my, your など)
- 9Possessive 's所有の 's
- 10Object pronouns: me, him, her...目的格の人称代名詞
- 11Possessive pronouns: mine, yours...所有代名詞(mine など)
- 12There is / there are〜がある・いる:there is / there are
- 13Present simple現在形(現在単純形)
- 14Adverbs of frequency頻度の副詞
- 15Present continuous現在進行形
- 16Imperatives命令文
- 17Can / can't〜できる / できない:can / can't
- 18Question words: what, where, who...疑問詞
- 19Prepositions of time: in, on, at時の前置詞 in / on / at
- 20Prepositions of place: in, on, under...場所の前置詞
- 21Countable and uncountable nouns可算名詞と不可算名詞
- 22Some / anyいくつか・少し:some / any
- 23How much / how manyいくつ・どのくらい:how much / how many
- 24Adjectives: position and basic order形容詞の位置と基本の語順
- 25And / but / or / because接続詞 and / but / or / because
- 26Like / love / hate + -ing〜するのが好き・嫌い:like + -ing
- 27Want / need + to + V〜したい・〜する必要がある:want to / need to
- 28Would like〜が欲しい・〜したい(丁寧):would like
- 29Past simple of be: was / werebe動詞の過去形:was / were
- 30Past simple: regular verbs過去形:規則動詞
- 31Past simple: irregular verbs過去形:不規則動詞
- 32Be going to〜するつもり:be going to
英文法 A2 38項目
- 1Past continuous過去進行形
- 2Past simple vs past continuous過去形と過去進行形の使い分け
- 3Present perfect現在完了形
- 4Present perfect: ever / never現在完了(経験):ever / never
- 5Present perfect: just / already / yet現在完了(完了):just / already / yet
- 6Present perfect: for / since現在完了(継続):for / since
- 7Present perfect vs past simple現在完了形と過去形の使い分け
- 8will (future, predictions, decisions)will:未来・予測・その場の決定
- 9Present continuous for future arrangements現在進行形で表す確定した予定
- 10will vs going towill と be going to の違い
- 11Comparative adjectives形容詞の比較級
- 12Superlative adjectives形容詞の最上級
- 13as ... as / not as ... as同等比較:as ... as
- 14too / enoughtoo(〜すぎる)/ enough(十分に)
- 15much / many / a lot ofmuch / many / a lot of(たくさんの)
- 16a few / a little / few / littlea few / a little(少しの)
- 17something / anything / nothing / everyone ...不定代名詞:something / anyone / nobody など
- 18Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, ...)再帰代名詞
- 19should / shouldn'tshould(〜すべき・〜したほうがいい)
- 20have to / don't have tohave to(〜しなければならない)/ don't have to(〜する必要はない)
- 21must / mustn'tmust(〜しなければならない)/ mustn't(〜してはいけない)
- 22could / couldn't (past ability)could:過去の能力(〜できた)
- 23might / may (possibility)might / may(〜かもしれない)
- 24Zero conditionalゼロ条件文(一般的な事実)
- 25First conditional第一条件文(現実的な未来の条件)
- 26Verb + -ing (like, enjoy, finish ...)動詞 + 動名詞(-ing)
- 27Verb + to-infinitive (want, decide, hope ...)動詞 + to 不定詞
- 28to-infinitive of purpose目的を表す to 不定詞(〜するために)
- 29Adverbs of manner (slowly, well ...)様態の副詞
- 30so / because / but / although接続詞:so / because / but / although
- 31Time clauses: when / before / after / until / as soon as時を表す節
- 32used toused to(以前は〜したものだ)
- 33Verb + preposition (listen to, wait for ...)動詞 + 前置詞
- 34Adjective + preposition (good at, afraid of ...)形容詞 + 前置詞
- 35Prepositions of movement (into, out of, across ...)移動を表す前置詞
- 36Subject and object questions (Who called? / Who did you call?)主語を尋ねる疑問文と目的語を尋ねる疑問文
- 37Question tags (..., isn't it? / ..., don't you?)付加疑問文
- 38Relative clauses: who / which / that関係代名詞の基本:who / which / that
英文法 B1 46項目
- 1Present perfect continuous現在完了進行形
- 2Present perfect simple vs continuous現在完了形と現在完了進行形の違い
- 3Past perfect過去完了形
- 4Past perfect continuous過去完了進行形
- 5Would for past habits過去の習慣を表す would(used to との違い)
- 6Future continuous未来進行形
- 7Future perfect (basics)未来完了形(基本)
- 8Future time clauses (when / as soon as / until)未来を表す時の副詞節
- 9Second conditional仮定法過去(第二条件文)
- 10First vs second conditional第一条件文と第二条件文の違い
- 11Unless / as long as / provided thatunless(〜しない限り)/ as long as(〜する限り)
- 12Wish + past simplewish + 過去形(現在の願望)
- 13Passive: present and past simple受動態(現在形・過去形)
- 14Passive: present perfect, continuous, future受動態(完了形・進行形・未来形)
- 15Passive with modals助動詞を含む受動態
- 16Have / get something done使役 have / get + 目的語 + 過去分詞(〜してもらう)
- 17Reported speech: statements間接話法(平叙文)
- 18Reported speech: questions間接話法(疑問文)
- 19Reported speech: commands and requests間接話法(命令・依頼)
- 20Indirect questions間接疑問文(丁寧な尋ね方)
- 21Defining relative clauses制限用法の関係詞節
- 22Non-defining relative clauses非制限用法の関係詞節
- 23Relative whose / where / when関係詞 whose / where / when
- 24Verb + -ing or to-infinitive動名詞をとる動詞と不定詞をとる動詞
- 25Remember / forget / stop / try + -ing or to動名詞と不定詞で意味が変わる動詞
- 26Preposition + -ing前置詞 + 動名詞
- 27Verb + object + to-infinitive動詞 + 目的語 + to 不定詞
- 28Make / let / allowmake / let / allow(させる・させてあげる・許可する)
- 29Be used to + -ingbe used to + 名詞/動名詞(〜に慣れている)
- 30Get used to + -ingget used to(〜に慣れる)
- 31Modals of deduction: must / might / can't推量の助動詞(must / might / can't)
- 32Modals of deduction: must have / might have / can't have過去の推量(must have / might have / can't have + 過去分詞)
- 33Should have / shouldn't haveshould have + 過去分詞(〜すべきだったのに)
- 34So / such (... that)so / such(とても〜なので…)
- 35Purpose: to / in order to / so that目的を表す to / in order to / so that
- 36Although / despite / in spite ofalthough / despite / in spite of(〜にもかかわらず)
- 37Linking words: however / therefore / as a result接続副詞 however / therefore / as a result
- 38Both / either / neitherboth / either / neither(両方・どちらか・どちらも〜ない)
- 39All / every / eachall / every / each(すべて・どの〜も・それぞれ)
- 40A few / few / a little / littlea few / few / a little / little
- 41Articles with places and institutions地名・施設と冠詞
- 42Phrasal verbs (basics)句動詞(基本)
- 43Reflexive pronouns and each other再帰代名詞と each other
- 44So do I / Neither do ISo do I / Neither do I(私もそうです/私も〜ない)
- 45Had betterhad better(〜した方がいい/しないとまずい)
- 46It takes (somebody) time to doIt takes + 時間 + to do(〜するのに…かかる)
英文法 B2 32項目
- 1Future perfect continuous未来完了進行形
- 2Would for past habits過去の習慣を表す would
- 3Be about to / be on the point ofまさに〜しようとしている
- 4Be supposed to〜することになっている/〜だそうだ
- 5Third conditional仮定法過去完了(第3条件文)
- 6Mixed conditionals混合仮定法
- 7Conditionals without if (unless, provided, had I known)if を使わない条件表現
- 8Wish / If only + past perfectwish / if only + 過去完了(過去への後悔)
- 9Wish + wouldwish + would(不満・苛立ち)
- 10Would rather / would soonerむしろ〜したい
- 11Needn't have vs didn't need to〜する必要はなかったのに(needn't have)
- 12Passive with continuous, perfect and modal forms進行形・完了形・助動詞の受動態
- 13It is said that… / He is said to…〜と言われている(受動態の伝達表現)
- 14Passive with getget を使った受動態
- 15Reporting verbs (suggest, deny, admit, warn…)伝達動詞とその型
- 16Remember / stop / try / regret + to V or V-ingto不定詞と動名詞で意味が変わる動詞
- 17Participle clauses (-ing / -ed / having + V3)分詞構文
- 18Reduced relative clauses関係詞節の省略(分詞による後置修飾)
- 19Relative clauses with prepositions, whose, which (whole sentence)関係詞の応用(前置詞+関係代名詞、文全体を受ける which)
- 20Cleft sentences (It is… that / What… is…)強調構文(分裂文)
- 21Inversion after negative adverbs (Never have I…)否定語句の後の倒置
- 22Emphasis with do / does / diddo/does/did による強調
- 23Articles: advanced uses冠詞の応用
- 24Countable/uncountable: nuances可算・不可算名詞の使い分け(応用)
- 25Few / a few, little / a little, each / every, either / neither数量詞の応用(few / a few など)
- 26Linking words: whereas, nevertheless, despite, provided that接続表現(対比・譲歩・条件)
- 27So that, in order to, so… that, such… that目的・結果を表す接続表現
- 28Adjectives + prepositions形容詞 + 前置詞
- 29Verbs + prepositions動詞 + 前置詞
- 30Phrasal verbs: separable and inseparable句動詞(分離可能・不可能)
- 31Future in the past (was going to / would)過去から見た未来(was going to / would)
- 32Question tags: special cases付加疑問の特殊なケース
英文法 C1 29項目
- 1Inversion after negative adverbials (Never, Rarely, Not only…)否定の副詞句による倒置
- 2Hardly/Scarcely … when; No sooner … than〜するやいなや
- 3Little did S know …〜とは夢にも思わなかった
- 4Only when / Only after / Not until … + inversion〜して初めて…
- 5So + adj + be + S … that / Such + be + N … thatso/such の倒置(あまりに〜なので…)
- 6Conditionals without if (Should you…, Were I…, Had I…)if を省略した倒置条件文
- 7Were it not for / Had it not been for / But for〜がなければ/〜がなかったら
- 8Provided / As long as / Supposing / Otherwise / Withoutif を使わない条件表現
- 9Subjunctive: suggest/insist/recommend that + S + (should) V提案・要求の動詞の後の仮定法現在
- 10It's vital/essential/important that + S + (should) V必要・重要の形容詞の後の仮定法現在
- 11It's (high/about) time + S + past simpleもう〜すべき時だ
- 12As if / As though (real and unreal)まるで〜のように
- 13It-cleft sentences (It is/was … that/who …)It 強調構文
- 14Pseudo-cleft sentences (What I need is…, All I want is…)What 強調構文(疑似分裂文)
- 15Fronting for emphasis前置(強調のための語順変更)
- 16Ellipsis省略
- 17Substitution with so / not (I think so, I hope not)so / not による節の代用
- 18Substitution with do so / do that / one(s)do so / one による代用
- 19Nominalisation名詞化
- 20Advanced participle clauses (Having V3, Being V3, With + O + V-ing)高度な分詞構文
- 21Distancing passives (It is said that…, He is believed to…)距離を置く受動態(〜と言われている)
- 22Modal nuances (may well, might as well, could have, needn't have)助動詞のニュアンス
- 23Hedging languageヘッジ表現(断定を和らげる言い方)
- 24Advanced discourse markers高度な談話標識
- 25Compound adjectives複合形容詞
- 26Word order with adverbs (focus, comment, degree)副詞の語順
- 27No matter / Whatever / However / Whereverたとえ〜でも/何を〜しても
- 28The more …, the more … (double comparatives)〜すればするほど…
- 29Advanced relative clauses (preposition + which/whom, quantifier + of which)高度な関係詞節