建設用語集

構造 こうぞう

ENstructureVIkết cấu

The load-bearing system of a building that carries loads down to the foundation.

荷重 かじゅう

ENloadVItải trọng

A force acting on a structure, such as self-weight, occupancy, wind or earthquake.

固定荷重 こていかじゅう

ENdead loadVItĩnh tải

Permanent load from the self-weight of the structure and finishes.

積載荷重 せきさいかじゅう

ENlive loadVIhoạt tải

Variable load from people, furniture and equipment using the building.

地震荷重 じしんかじゅう

ENseismic loadVItải trọng động đất

Lateral force on a building caused by ground shaking during an earthquake.

風荷重 ふうかじゅう

ENwind loadVItải trọng gió

Pressure or suction exerted by wind on building surfaces.

積雪荷重 せきせつかじゅう

ENsnow loadVItải trọng tuyết

Load from accumulated snow on roofs, significant in Japan's snowy regions.

柱 はしら

ENcolumnVIcột

A vertical member in compression that transfers loads from beams to the foundation.

梁 はり

ENbeamVIdầm

A horizontal member in bending that supports slabs and transfers loads to columns.

大梁 おおばり

ENgirderVIdầm chính

A main beam spanning between columns that supports secondary beams.

小梁 こばり

ENsecondary beamVIdầm phụ

A smaller beam framing into girders that directly supports the slab.

床スラブ ゆかスラブ

ENslabVIsàn (bản sàn)

A flat horizontal concrete plate forming a floor or roof that carries loads directly.

耐力壁 たいりょくへき

ENload-bearing wallVItường chịu lực

A wall designed to resist vertical loads and lateral forces such as earthquakes.

耐震壁 たいしんへき

ENshear wallVIvách cứng

A reinforced concrete wall that mainly resists lateral seismic and wind forces.

筋かい すじかい

ENbraceVIgiằng chéo

A diagonal member placed in a frame to increase lateral stiffness.

ラーメン構造 ラーメンこうぞう

ENrigid frameVIkhung cứng

A frame of columns and beams with moment-resisting joints that resist lateral loads.

鉄筋コンクリート てっきんコンクリート

ENreinforced concreteVIbê tông cốt thép (BTCT)

Concrete with embedded steel reinforcement; abbreviated RC in Japan.

鉄骨造 てっこつぞう

ENsteel structureVIkết cấu thép

A building whose frame is made of structural steel sections; called S-zō in Japan.

鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート造 てっこつてっきんコンクリートぞう

ENSRCVIbê tông cốt thép liên hợp thép hình

Steel Reinforced Concrete: structural steel encased in reinforced concrete.

木造 もくぞう

ENwooden structureVIkết cấu gỗ

A building with a timber load-bearing system, common in Japanese housing.

コンクリート

ENconcreteVIbê tông

A hardened mixture of cement, aggregate and water that is strong in compression.

生コンクリート なまコンクリート

ENready-mixed concreteVIbê tông tươi (bê tông thương phẩm)

Concrete batched at a plant and delivered by mixer truck; often called nama-kon.

セメント

ENcementVIxi măng

A powdered binder that hardens through reaction with water.

骨材 こつざい

ENaggregateVIcốt liệu

Sand, gravel or crushed stone mixed into concrete or mortar.

モルタル

ENmortarVIvữa

A mixture of cement, sand and water used for masonry and plastering.

スランプ

ENslumpVIđộ sụt

A measure of fresh concrete workability obtained by the slump cone test.

設計基準強度 せっけいきじゅんきょうど

ENdesign strengthVIcường độ thiết kế

The concrete compressive strength assumed as the basis of structural design (Fc).

圧縮強度 あっしゅくきょうど

ENcompressive strengthVIcường độ chịu nén

The maximum compressive stress a material can withstand before failure.

水セメント比 みずセメントひ

ENwater-cement ratioVItỉ lệ nước/xi măng

The mass ratio of water to cement, governing concrete strength and durability.

養生 ようじょう

ENcuringVIbảo dưỡng bê tông

Keeping placed concrete moist and at suitable temperature so it gains strength.

コールドジョイント

ENcold jointVImạch ngừng nguội

A weak joint formed when fresh concrete is placed on concrete that has already set.

ジャンカ

ENhoneycombVIrỗ tổ ong

A concrete defect of exposed voids and aggregate caused by poor compaction or grout loss.

ひび割れ ひびわれ

ENcrackVIvết nứt

A fracture line in concrete caused by shrinkage, temperature or overload.

鉄筋 てっきん

ENrebarVIcốt thép (sắt)

Steel bars embedded in concrete to resist tension.

異形鉄筋 いけいてっきん

ENdeformed barVIthép gân (thép vằn)

Rebar with surface ribs for better bond, designated D in Japan (D13, D16).

主筋 しゅきん

ENmain reinforcementVIthép chủ

The principal longitudinal bars carrying tension or compression in columns and beams.

帯筋 おびきん

ENhoopVIthép đai cột

Ties around column main bars that resist shear and restrain buckling; also called hoop.

あばら筋 あばらきん

ENstirrupVIthép đai dầm

Closed ties around beam main bars to resist shear; also called stirrup.

かぶり厚さ かぶりあつさ

ENconcrete coverVIlớp bê tông bảo vệ

The distance from the outer surface of reinforcement to the concrete surface.

スペーサー

ENspacerVIcon kê (cục kê)

A concrete or plastic block that keeps the specified cover to reinforcement.

重ね継手 かさねつぎて

ENlap spliceVInối chồng

A rebar splice made by overlapping two bars for a specified length.

ガス圧接 ガスあっせつ

ENgas pressure weldingVIhàn ép hơi

A rebar joining method heating bar ends and pressing them axially, common in Japan.

定着 ていちゃく

ENanchorageVIneo cốt thép

Embedment of a bar into another member so force transfers without pull-out.

結束線 けっそくせん

ENbinding wireVIdây kẽm buộc

Soft wire used to tie reinforcing bars together.

H形鋼 エイチがたこう

ENH-section steelVIthép hình H

A rolled steel section with an H-shaped profile, widely used for columns and beams.

角形鋼管 かくがたこうかん

ENsquare steel tubeVIthép hộp vuông

A square hollow steel section, commonly used for steel columns in Japan.

高力ボルト こうりょくボルト

ENhigh-strength boltVIbu lông cường độ cao

A high-tension bolt used for friction connections of steel members.

アンカーボルト

ENanchor boltVIbu lông neo

A bolt embedded in a foundation to fix column bases or equipment.

溶接 ようせつ

ENweldingVIhàn

Joining metals by local melting.

ベースプレート

ENbase plateVIbản đế chân cột

A steel plate at a column base that transfers loads to the foundation via anchor bolts.

ダイアフラム

ENdiaphragmVItấm cứng (diaphragm)

A stiffening plate inside a tube column at beam connections.

耐火被覆 たいかひふく

ENfireproof coveringVIlớp bọc chống cháy

A coating on structural steel that slows temperature rise during a fire.

基礎 きそ

ENfoundationVImóng

The lowest part of a building that transfers loads to the ground.

独立基礎 どくりつきそ

ENspread footingVImóng đơn

An individual footing placed under a single column.

布基礎 ぬのきそ

ENstrip footingVImóng băng

A continuous footing running under walls or a row of columns.

べた基礎 べたきそ

ENmat foundationVImóng bè

A concrete slab foundation covering the entire building footprint.

杭 くい

ENpileVIcọc

A long member driven or bored into the ground to carry loads to firm strata.

場所打ち杭 ばしょうちぐい

ENcast-in-place pileVIcọc khoan nhồi

A pile formed by boring a hole, inserting a rebar cage and casting concrete in place.

地中梁 ちちゅうばり

ENfooting beamVIdầm móng

A beam below grade linking footings to resist differential settlement.

地耐力 ちたいりょく

ENbearing capacityVIsức chịu tải của đất nền

The ability of ground to support loads without failure or excessive settlement.

沈下 ちんか

ENsettlementVIlún

Downward movement of a foundation due to soil compression.

液状化 えきじょうか

ENliquefactionVIhóa lỏng nền đất

Loss of strength in saturated sandy soil during earthquake shaking.

免震 めんしん

ENseismic isolationVIcách chấn

Placing isolators between foundation and superstructure to reduce seismic motion.

耐震 たいしん

ENearthquake-resistantVIkháng chấn

Designed with enough strength and stiffness to withstand earthquakes.

耐震補強 たいしんほきょう

ENseismic retrofitVIgia cố kháng chấn

Strengthening an existing building to improve its earthquake resistance.

たわみ

ENdeflectionVIđộ võng

The displacement of a beam or slab under load.

曲げモーメント まげモーメント

ENbending momentVImô men uốn

The internal force causing a member to bend, governing tensile reinforcement.

せん断力 せんだんりょく

ENshear forceVIlực cắt

An internal force tending to slide one part of a member past another.

構造計算 こうぞうけいさん

ENstructural calculationVItính toán kết cấu

Calculating member forces and checking capacity against code requirements.

建設現場 けんせつげんば

ENconstruction siteVIcông trường

The place where a building is constructed; often just called genba in Japan.

施工 せこう

ENconstruction workVIthi công

Carrying out building work according to drawings and specifications.

ゼネコン

ENgeneral contractorVItổng thầu

The main contractor responsible for the whole project and coordinating subcontractors.

協力会社 きょうりょくがいしゃ

ENsubcontractorVIthầu phụ

A company doing part of the work for the main contractor; also called shitauke.

職長 しょくちょう

ENsite foremanVIđội trưởng (tổ trưởng)

The person directly leading a crew of workers on site.

職人 しょくにん

ENcraftsmanVIthợ (tay nghề)

A skilled tradesperson such as a formworker or rebar fixer.

準備工事 じゅんびこうじ

ENsite preparationVIchuẩn bị mặt bằng

Work before main construction: hoarding, site huts and temporary utilities.

仮設工事 かせつこうじ

ENtemporary worksVIcông trình tạm

Temporary facilities for construction, such as scaffolding and fencing, later removed.

仮囲い かりがこい

ENhoardingVIhàng rào công trường

A temporary fence around a site to keep out the public and reduce dust and noise.

墨出し すみだし

ENsetting outVIđịnh vị (phóng tuyến)

Marking grid lines and levels on site so work is built in the correct position.

墨 すみ

ENreference lineVIđường mực chuẩn

A chalk or ink line marked as a positioning reference, such as an offset line.

ベンチマーク

ENbenchmarkVImốc cao độ

A point of known elevation used as the level reference for a project (BM).

掘削 くっさく

ENexcavationVIđào đất

Removing soil to build foundations or basements.

埋戻し うめもどし

ENbackfillVIlấp đất

Placing and compacting soil back around completed foundations.

締固め しめかため

ENcompactionVIđầm nén

Densifying soil or concrete to remove voids.

山留め やまどめ

ENearth retainingVIchắn giữ thành hố đào

Temporary structure that prevents excavation walls from collapsing.

鋼矢板 こうやいた

ENsheet pileVIcừ thép (cừ Larsen)

Interlocking steel sheets driven in a line to retain soil and water.

排水工事 はいすいこうじ

ENdewateringVIhạ mực nước ngầm

Pumping groundwater to keep an excavation dry during work.

捨てコンクリート すてコンクリート

ENlean concreteVIbê tông lót

A thin concrete layer under footings giving a clean, level surface for marking.

砕石地業 さいせきじぎょう

ENcrushed stone baseVIlớp đá dăm lót

A compacted layer of crushed stone placed beneath footings or ground slabs.

型枠 かたわく

ENformworkVIcốp pha (ván khuôn)

A temporary mould that shapes concrete until it hardens.

コンパネ

ENplywood form panelVIván ép cốp pha

Plywood sheet used as form facing, commonly 900×1800 mm.

セパレーター

ENform tieVIty giằng cốp pha

A steel rod holding opposite form faces at the correct spacing; called sepa.

フォームタイ

ENform clampVIbát chống cốp pha (khóa cốp pha)

A fastener screwed onto a form tie to clamp the walers.

支保工 しほこう

ENshoringVIcây chống (chống đỡ)

Temporary supports for slab and beam forms during concreting and curing.

パイプサポート

ENpipe supportVIcây chống thép điều chỉnh

An adjustable steel tube prop supporting slab formwork.

脱型 だっけい

ENform removalVItháo cốp pha

Stripping formwork once concrete reaches the required strength.

コンクリート打設 コンクリートだせつ

ENconcrete placingVIđổ bê tông

Placing fresh concrete into forms and compacting it.

コンクリートポンプ車 コンクリートポンプしゃ

ENconcrete pump truckVIxe bơm bê tông

A truck with a boom and pump that delivers concrete to the pour location.

アジテーター車 アジテーターしゃ

ENtruck mixerVIxe bồn trộn bê tông

A truck carrying fresh concrete in a rotating drum; also called mixer truck.

バイブレーター

ENconcrete vibratorVImáy đầm dùi

A poker that vibrates fresh concrete to release air and compact it.

金ごて仕上げ かなごてしあげ

ENtrowel finishingVIxoa mặt bê tông

Smoothing a concrete slab surface with a steel trowel.

配筋 はいきん

ENrebar placingVIlắp đặt cốt thép

Arranging and tying reinforcement per drawings before concreting.

鉄骨建方 てっこつたてかた

ENsteel erectionVIdựng kết cấu thép

Erecting steel columns and beams on site with cranes.

建入れ直し たていれなおし

ENplumbing adjustmentVIchỉnh thẳng đứng

Adjusting erected steel columns to be truly vertical.

足場 あしば

ENscaffoldingVIgiàn giáo

A temporary structure providing working platforms at height.

枠組足場 わくぐみあしば

ENframe scaffoldingVIgiàn giáo khung

Scaffolding assembled from standard frames, cross braces and decks.

くさび緊結式足場 くさびきんけつしきあしば

ENsystem scaffoldingVIgiàn giáo nêm

Wedge-lock scaffolding, quick to assemble, common on low-rise work.

足場板 あしばいた

ENscaffold boardVIsàn thao tác (tấm sàn giáo)

A plank or steel deck laid on scaffolding as a walking surface.

幅木 はばき

ENtoe boardVItấm chắn chân

A low edge board on a platform that prevents objects falling.

足場組立て あしばくみたて

ENscaffold erectionVIlắp dựng giàn giáo

Assembling scaffolding in sequence according to approved drawings.

ローリングタワー

ENmobile scaffoldVIgiàn giáo di động

A wheeled scaffold tower used for indoor work.

脚立 きゃたつ

ENstepladderVIthang chữ A

A self-supporting folding ladder for low-height work.

タワークレーン

ENtower craneVIcần trục tháp

A tall fixed crane used to lift materials on high-rise projects.

ラフタークレーン

ENmobile craneVIcần cẩu bánh lốp

A rough-terrain mobile crane, called rafutā, very common on Japanese sites.

バックホウ

ENexcavatorVImáy đào

A hydraulic backhoe excavator; also called yunbo in Japan.

ブルドーザー

ENbulldozerVImáy ủi

A machine with a front blade for pushing and levelling soil.

ダンプトラック

ENdump truckVIxe ben

A truck with a tipping body for unloading soil or materials.

フォークリフト

ENforkliftVIxe nâng

A vehicle with forks for lifting palletised loads.

高所作業車 こうしょさぎょうしゃ

ENaerial work platformVIxe nâng người

A vehicle with a raised platform lifting workers to height.

工事用エレベーター こうじようエレベーター

ENconstruction hoistVIvận thăng

A temporary lift carrying workers and materials up the building.

ランマー

ENrammerVImáy đầm cóc

A jumping compactor used for soil in confined areas.

プレートコンパクター

ENplate compactorVImáy đầm bàn

A vibrating plate machine for compacting sand and gravel.

ディスクグラインダー

ENdisc grinderVImáy mài cầm tay

A hand-held rotating disc tool for cutting and grinding metal.

インパクトドライバー

ENimpact driverVImáy bắt vít

A power tool driving screws and bolts with rotary impacts.

レベル

ENlevelVImáy thủy bình

A surveying instrument measuring height differences.

レーザー墨出し器 レーザーすみだしき

ENlaser levelVImáy cân mực laser

A device projecting horizontal and vertical laser lines for marking.

墨つぼ すみつぼ

ENchalk lineVIbật mực

A tool with an inked string snapped to mark straight lines.

仕上げ工事 しあげこうじ

ENfinishing workVIcông tác hoàn thiện

Surface work such as plastering, painting, tiling and ceilings.

左官工事 さかんこうじ

ENplasteringVItrát

Applying mortar or plaster to walls and floors, done by sakan plasterers.

塗装 とそう

ENpaintingVIsơn

Applying paint to protect and decorate surfaces.

タイル工事 タイルこうじ

ENtilingVIốp lát gạch

Fixing ceramic tiles to walls and floors with mortar or adhesive.

防水工事 ぼうすいこうじ

ENwaterproofingVIchống thấm

Applying water barriers to roofs, wet areas and basements.

シーリング

ENsealantVIkeo trám khe

An elastic material filling joints to keep out water and air.

内装工事 ないそうこうじ

ENinterior finishingVIhoàn thiện nội thất

Building partitions, ceilings, floors and interior finishes.

軽量鉄骨下地 けいりょうてっこつしたじ

ENlight-gauge steel studVIkhung xương thép nhẹ

Thin galvanized steel framing for partitions and ceilings; called LGS or keitetsu.

石膏ボード せっこうボード

ENplasterboardVItấm thạch cao

Paper-faced gypsum board used for walls and ceilings.

解体工事 かいたいこうじ

ENdemolitionVIphá dỡ

Taking down all or part of a building.

片付け かたづけ

ENcleanupVIdọn dẹp vệ sinh

Clearing materials and debris after work, paired with seiri-seiton.

安全第一 あんぜんだいいち

ENsafety firstVIan toàn là trên hết

The core slogan of Japanese sites, putting safety before schedule.

朝礼 ちょうれい

ENmorning assemblyVIhọp đầu giờ (chào buổi sáng)

The start-of-day gathering for exercises, work announcements and safety notes.

ラジオ体操 ラジオたいそう

ENradio calisthenicsVIthể dục buổi sáng

Standard warm-up exercises done to music at the morning assembly.

KY活動 ケーワイかつどう

ENKY activityVIhoạt động dự đoán nguy hiểm (KY)

Kiken Yochi (hazard prediction): the crew identifies the day's hazards and agrees countermeasures.

KYシート ケーワイシート

ENKY sheetVIphiếu KY

A form recording the task, hazards, countermeasures and crew signatures.

指差し呼称 ゆびさしこしょう

ENpointing and callingVIchỉ tay hô to

Pointing at an item and calling out to confirm it, e.g. 'Harness, OK!'.

タッチアンドコール

ENtouch and callVIchạm tay hô khẩu hiệu

The crew stacks hands and shouts a safety slogan after KY.

ツールボックスミーティング

ENtoolbox meetingVIhọp an toàn tổ (TBM)

A short crew meeting before work to assign tasks and review safety; abbreviated TBM.

ヒヤリハット

ENnear missVIsuýt xảy ra tai nạn

An incident that almost caused an accident, reported to prevent recurrence.

労働災害 ろうどうさいがい

ENoccupational accidentVItai nạn lao động

Injury or illness of a worker arising from work; called rōsai.

四大災害 よんだいさいがい

ENfour major hazardsVIbốn loại tai nạn chính

Falls, falling objects, collapse and machinery accidents, the leading fatal accidents in construction.

墜落 ついらく

ENfall from heightVIngã từ trên cao

A person falling from height, the most common fatal site accident.

転倒 てんとう

ENslip and fallVItrượt ngã

Falling on the same level due to slipping or tripping.

落下物 らっかぶつ

ENfalling objectVIvật rơi

Tools or materials dropping from height that can injure people below.

倒壊 とうかい

ENcollapseVIsập đổ

Failure and collapse of temporary works, scaffolding or excavation walls.

挟まれ・巻き込まれ はさまれ・まきこまれ

ENcaught in machineryVIbị kẹp, cuốn vào máy

Being trapped between objects or drawn into rotating machine parts.

感電 かんでん

ENelectric shockVIđiện giật

Electric current passing through the body on contact with live parts.

熱中症 ねっちゅうしょう

ENheatstrokeVIsay nắng (sốc nhiệt)

Illness from overheating and dehydration during summer outdoor work.

暑さ指数 あつさしすう

ENWBGTVIchỉ số nhiệt WBGT

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, an index combining heat, humidity and radiation to gauge heatstroke risk.

保護具 ほごぐ

ENPPEVIđồ bảo hộ cá nhân

Personal Protective Equipment such as helmets, glasses, gloves, boots and harnesses.

ヘルメット

ENhard hatVImũ bảo hộ

A rigid helmet protecting the head from falling objects; chin strap must be fastened.

あごひも

ENchin strapVIquai mũ

A strap under the chin that keeps the helmet in place.

フルハーネス型墜落制止用器具 フルハーネスがたついらくせいしようきぐ

ENfull-body harnessVIdây an toàn toàn thân

A harness around shoulders, chest and thighs, mandatory for work at height in Japan.

安全帯 あんぜんたい

ENsafety beltVIdây đai an toàn

The traditional term for fall-arrest equipment, still used colloquially on site.

フック

ENlanyard hookVImóc dây an toàn

The hook at the lanyard end attached to an anchor or lifeline.

親綱 おやづな

ENlifelineVIdây cứu sinh

A horizontal rope used as an attachment line for harness hooks at height.

安全靴 あんぜんぐつ

ENsafety shoesVIgiày bảo hộ

Boots with steel toecaps and puncture-resistant soles.

保護メガネ ほごメガネ

ENsafety glassesVIkính bảo hộ

Glasses protecting eyes from dust and debris when cutting or grinding.

防じんマスク ぼうじんマスク

ENdust maskVIkhẩu trang chống bụi

A respirator filtering fine dust during concrete cutting or demolition.

軍手 ぐんて

ENwork glovesVIgăng tay lao động

Cotton work gloves; not worn near rotating machines due to entanglement risk.

安全ベスト あんぜんベスト

ENreflective vestVIáo phản quang

A vest with reflective strips that makes the wearer visible.

耳栓 みみせん

ENear plugsVInút bịt tai

Inserts that reduce noise to protect hearing.

手すり てすり

ENguardrailVIlan can an toàn

A rail at platform or slab edges preventing falls.

開口部養生 かいこうぶようじょう

ENopening coverVInắp che lỗ mở

A cover or barrier over floor openings to prevent falls.

安全ネット あんぜんネット

ENsafety netVIlưới an toàn

A net strung below work areas to catch falling people or objects.

養生シート ようじょうシート

ENdebris nettingVIlưới che giàn giáo

Mesh sheeting on scaffolding that stops debris and dust escaping.

立入禁止 たちいりきんし

ENno-entry areaVIkhu vực cấm vào

A barricaded zone that only authorised people may enter.

カラーコーン

ENbarricade coneVIcọc tiêu (nón giao thông)

A plastic traffic cone used to mark off hazard zones.

高所作業 こうしょさぎょう

ENwork at heightVIlàm việc trên cao

Work at 2 m or higher, requiring fall-prevention measures.

玉掛け たまがけ

ENslingingVImóc cáp (móc tải)

Attaching loads to a crane hook with slings; requires a tamakake licence.

ワイヤーロープ

ENwire rope slingVIcáp treo

A steel wire rope used to sling loads for lifting.

合図 あいず

ENhand signalVIra hiệu bằng tay

Agreed hand or whistle signals between slinger and crane operator.

合図者 あいずしゃ

ENsignal personVIngười ra hiệu

The designated person who gives signals to crane or machine operators.

巻き上げ まきあげ

ENhoist upVIkéo lên (cẩu lên)

The signal to raise the crane hook.

巻き下げ まきさげ

ENlower downVIhạ xuống

The signal to lower the crane hook.

ストップ

ENstopVIdừng lại

The signal to halt all movement immediately.

吊り荷の下 つりにのした

ENunder suspended loadVIdưới vật đang treo

The danger zone beneath a lifted load, which must never be entered.

始業点検 しぎょうてんけん

ENstart-of-work inspectionVIkiểm tra trước khi làm việc

Checking machines and tools at the start of the shift before use.

安全パトロール あんぜんパトロール

ENsafety patrolVItuần tra an toàn

Walking the site to find and correct unsafe conditions.

4S よんエス

EN4SVI4S (sàng lọc, sắp xếp, sạch sẽ, săn sóc)

Seiri, Seiton, Seisō, Seiketsu: sort, set in order, shine and standardise the workplace.

整理整頓 せいりせいとん

ENtidying upVIsắp xếp gọn gàng

Removing unneeded items and putting needed ones in place to prevent trips.

電源遮断 でんげんしゃだん

ENlockoutVIkhóa nguồn (cắt điện an toàn)

Isolating and locking energy sources before servicing machinery.

漏電遮断器 ろうでんしゃだんき

ENearth leakage breakerVIaptomat chống giật

A device that cuts power on detecting leakage current, preventing shock.

消火器 しょうかき

ENfire extinguisherVIbình chữa cháy

A portable device for putting out small fires.

火気作業 かきさぎょう

ENhot workVIcông việc phát lửa

Work producing heat or sparks, like welding, requiring a permit and extinguisher.

酸素欠乏 さんそけつぼう

ENoxygen deficiencyVIthiếu oxy

Air with less than 18% oxygen in pits or confined spaces; called sanketsu.

新規入場者教育 しんきにゅうじょうしゃきょういく

ENnew entrant educationVIđào tạo người mới vào công trường

Induction on site rules and hazards for workers entering for the first time.

特別教育 とくべつきょういく

ENspecial educationVIđào tạo đặc biệt

Legally required training before hazardous tasks such as harness use.

技能講習 ぎのうこうしゅう

ENskill training courseVIkhóa học kỹ năng (chứng chỉ)

A licensing course for operations such as forklifts, slinging or scaffolding.

健康チェック けんこうチェック

ENhealth checkVIkiểm tra sức khỏe

Checking each worker's health and sleep at the morning assembly.

報連相 ほうれんそう

ENreport, contact, consultVIbáo cáo, liên lạc, thảo luận

The communication rule to report, inform and consult superiors promptly.

お疲れ様です おつかれさまです

ENthank you for your hard workVIanh/chị vất vả rồi

A common greeting when meeting or finishing work on site.

危ない あぶない

ENwatch outVIcoi chừng! (nguy hiểm)

A shout warning of immediate danger.

通ります とおります

ENcoming throughVIxin nhường đường

Said when carrying materials past others so they make way.

緊急連絡 きんきゅうれんらく

ENemergency contactVIliên lạc khẩn cấp

Contacting supervisors and calling 119 immediately after an accident.

安全衛生計画 あんぜんえいせいけいかく

ENsafety and health planVIkế hoạch an toàn vệ sinh lao động

A plan setting occupational safety and health goals and measures for a project.

発注者 はっちゅうしゃ

ENownerVIchủ đầu tư

The party commissioning and paying for the project; also called seshu.

請負者 うけおいしゃ

ENcontractorVInhà thầu

The party contracted to carry out construction.

設計者 せっけいしゃ

ENdesignerVIđơn vị thiết kế

The architect or firm preparing the design documents.

工事監理者 こうじかんりしゃ

ENsupervising engineerVItư vấn giám sát

The person checking, on the owner's behalf, that work matches the design.

現場代理人 げんばだいりにん

ENsite managerVIchỉ huy trưởng công trường

The contractor's representative managing the whole site.

現場監督 げんばかんとく

ENsite supervisorVIkỹ sư giám sát thi công

The contractor's engineer managing daily progress, quality and safety.

主任技術者 しゅにんぎじゅつしゃ

ENchief engineerVIkỹ sư chủ nhiệm kỹ thuật

A licensed engineer legally required on site under the Construction Business Act.

施工管理の4大管理 せこうかんりのよんだいかんり

ENfour key controlsVIbốn mục quản lý chính

Quality, cost, schedule and safety management (QCDS).

施工管理 せこうかんり

ENconstruction managementVIquản lý thi công

Planning and controlling construction for quality, cost, schedule and safety.

図面 ずめん

ENdrawingVIbản vẽ

A graphic document showing the shape and dimensions of a building.

設計図 せっけいず

ENdesign drawingsVIbản vẽ thiết kế

The drawing set by the designer forming the basis of the contract.

施工図 せこうず

ENshop drawingVIbản vẽ thi công (shop drawing)

A detailed drawing prepared by the contractor for actual site work.

意匠図 いしょうず

ENarchitectural drawingsVIbản vẽ kiến trúc

Drawings showing layout, elevations and finishes.

構造図 こうぞうず

ENstructural drawingsVIbản vẽ kết cấu

Drawings showing columns, beams, slabs, foundations and reinforcement.

設備図 せつびず

ENMEP drawingsVIbản vẽ cơ điện (MEP)

Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing drawings for building services.

平面図 へいめんず

ENfloor planVImặt bằng

A horizontal view showing room layout on one floor.

立面図 りつめんず

ENelevationVImặt đứng

A vertical view showing the exterior faces of a building.

断面図 だんめんず

ENsectionVImặt cắt

A vertical cut through a building showing heights and construction.

詳細図 しょうさいず

ENdetail drawingVIbản vẽ chi tiết

A large-scale drawing showing construction of a specific location.

通り芯 とおりしん

ENgrid lineVItrục (lưới trục)

Numbered and lettered reference lines locating columns and walls.

縮尺 しゅくしゃく

ENscaleVItỉ lệ

The ratio of drawing size to real size, e.g. 1:100.

FL エフエル

ENfloor levelVIcao độ sàn (FL)

Floor Level: the finished floor elevation used as a level reference.

GL ジーエル

ENground levelVIcao độ mặt đất (GL)

Ground Level: the reference ground elevation of the site.

仕様書 しようしょ

ENspecificationsVIchỉ dẫn kỹ thuật

Documents specifying materials, standards and methods of construction.

BIM ビム

ENBIMVImô hình thông tin công trình (BIM)

Building Information Modeling, a data-rich 3D model for design, construction and operation.

見積 みつもり

ENestimateVIdự toán (báo giá)

A calculation of construction cost for quoting or budgeting.

積算 せきさん

ENquantity takeoffVIbóc tách khối lượng

Measuring quantities of materials and work from drawings for an estimate.

数量書 すうりょうしょ

ENbill of quantitiesVIbảng khối lượng

An itemised list of work quantities.

単価 たんか

ENunit priceVIđơn giá

The price per unit of work or material.

工事費 こうじひ

ENconstruction costVIchi phí xây dựng

The total cost of carrying out the works.

諸経費 しょけいひ

ENoverheadVIchi phí chung

Indirect costs such as management, site office and insurance.

実行予算 じっこうよさん

ENbudgetVIngân sách

The contractor's internal working budget for cost control.

工程 こうてい

ENscheduleVItiến độ

The sequence and timing of work activities.

全体工程表 ぜんたいこうていひょう

ENmaster scheduleVItiến độ tổng thể

The schedule for the whole project from start to handover.

週間工程表 しゅうかんこうていひょう

ENweekly scheduleVItiến độ tuần

A detailed day-by-day work plan for the week.

バーチャート

ENGantt chartVIsơ đồ ngang (Gantt)

A bar chart showing activity durations; called bar chart in Japan.

クリティカルパス

ENcritical pathVIđường găng

The longest chain of activities determining project duration.

工期 こうき

ENconstruction periodVIthời gian thi công

The contract period from start to completion.

地鎮祭 じちんさい

ENgroundbreaking ceremonyVIlễ động thổ

A Shinto ceremony praying for safety before construction starts.

着工 ちゃっこう

ENcommencementVIkhởi công

The start of construction.

上棟 じょうとう

ENtopping outVIcất nóc

The milestone when the highest structural member is placed.

竣工 しゅんこう

ENcompletionVIhoàn công

Completion of all construction work.

引渡し ひきわたし

ENhandoverVIbàn giao

Transferring the finished building to the owner.

工程会議 こうていかいぎ

ENprogress meetingVIhọp giao ban công trường

A regular meeting coordinating progress among contractors.

工事請負契約 こうじうけおいけいやく

ENconstruction contractVIhợp đồng thi công

A contract where the contractor completes the works and the owner pays.

一括請負 いっかつうけおい

ENlump-sum contractVIhợp đồng trọn gói

A contract with a fixed total price for all the work.

入札 にゅうさつ

ENbiddingVIđấu thầu

Contractors submitting competing prices to win the work.

設計変更 せっけいへんこう

ENchange orderVIphát sinh (thay đổi thiết kế)

A design change after contract signing, adjusting price or schedule.

追加工事 ついかこうじ

ENadditional workVIcông việc phát sinh

Work outside the original contract scope.

出来高払い できだかばらい

ENprogress paymentVIthanh toán theo tiến độ

Payment for the quantity of work completed in a period.

契約不適合責任 けいやくふてきごうせきにん

ENdefect liabilityVItrách nhiệm bảo hành

Liability to fix work not conforming to the contract (formerly kashi tanpo).

建築確認 けんちくかくにん

ENbuilding permitVIgiấy phép xây dựng

Official confirmation that a design complies with the Building Standards Act.

建築基準法 けんちくきじゅんほう

ENBuilding Standards ActVILuật Tiêu chuẩn Xây dựng

Japan's law setting minimum standards for structure, fire safety and use of buildings.

検査 けんさ

ENinspectionVInghiệm thu (kiểm tra)

Checking completed work against drawings and standards.

配筋検査 はいきんけんさ

ENrebar inspectionVInghiệm thu cốt thép

Checking bar size, number, spacing and cover before concreting.

中間検査 ちゅうかんけんさ

ENinterim inspectionVInghiệm thu giai đoạn

A statutory inspection at an intermediate stage of construction.

完了検査 かんりょうけんさ

ENcompletion inspectionVInghiệm thu hoàn thành

A statutory inspection after completion before the building may be used.

自主検査 じしゅけんさ

ENself-inspectionVItự kiểm tra

The contractor's own quality check before inspection by the supervisor.

指摘事項 してきじこう

ENpunch listVIdanh sách tồn tại cần sửa

Defects identified during inspection that must be corrected.

手直し てなおし

ENreworkVIlàm lại

Fixing or redoing work that does not meet requirements.

品質管理 ひんしつかんり

ENquality controlVIquản lý chất lượng

Controlling work so it meets design and standard quality.

許容差 きょようさ

ENdimensional toleranceVIdung sai

The permitted deviation in dimensions from the design.

供試体 きょうしたい

ENtest pieceVImẫu thử bê tông

A concrete cylinder sampled at pouring for compressive testing.

受入検査 うけいれけんさ

ENacceptance inspectionVIkiểm tra khi nhận hàng

Checking materials or fresh concrete on delivery (slump, temperature, air content).

工事写真 こうじしゃしん

ENphoto recordVIảnh ghi nhận thi công

Photos with a labelled board as evidence of work, especially concealed parts.

作業日報 さぎょうにっぽう

ENdaily reportVInhật ký thi công

A daily record of work done, labour, equipment and incidents.

竣工図 しゅんこうず

ENas-built drawingsVIbản vẽ hoàn công

Drawings showing the building as actually constructed.

承認図 しょうにんず

ENsubmittalVIhồ sơ trình duyệt

Drawings or product data submitted for approval before work proceeds.

施工計画書 せこうけいかくしょ

ENconstruction planVIbiện pháp thi công

A document describing sequence, methods, equipment and safety for a work item.