物流・貿易用語集

運賃 うんちん

ENfreightVIcước vận chuyển

The charge paid to a carrier for transporting goods from origin to destination.

貨物 かもつ

ENshipmentVIlô hàng

A quantity of goods dispatched together under one set of transport documents.

運送人 うんそうにん

ENcarrierVIngười vận chuyển, hãng tàu

A company that physically transports goods, such as a shipping line, airline or trucker.

荷送人 におくりにん

ENshipperVIngười gửi hàng (shipper)

The party that hands goods to the carrier and is named as sender on the documents.

荷受人 にうけにん

ENconsigneeVIngười nhận hàng (consignee)

The party named on the transport document to receive the goods at destination.

フォワーダー

ENfreight forwarderVIcông ty giao nhận (forwarder)

A firm that arranges transport, bookings and documentation on behalf of shippers.

非船舶運航業者 ひせんぱくうんこうぎょうしゃ

ENNVOCCVIngười vận chuyển không tàu (NVOCC)

Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier: a carrier issuing its own bills of lading without operating ships.

船会社 ふながいしゃ

ENshipping lineVIhãng tàu

A company operating ocean vessels that carry containers or cargo on regular routes.

ブッキング

ENbookingVIđặt chỗ (booking)

Reserving space on a vessel or aircraft for a shipment before departure.

ブッキング確認書 ブッキングかくにんしょ

ENbooking confirmationVIxác nhận đặt chỗ

A carrier's notice confirming space, booking number, vessel and cut-off times.

コンテナ

ENcontainerVIcông-te-nơ (container)

A standardized steel box used to hold and move cargo across transport modes.

TEU ティーイーユー

ENTEUVITEU (đơn vị container 20 feet)

Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit: a capacity measure equal to one 20-foot container.

FCL貨物 エフシーエルかもつ

ENFCLVIhàng nguyên container (FCL)

Full Container Load: one shipper's cargo occupying an entire container.

LCL貨物 エルシーエルかもつ

ENLCLVIhàng lẻ (LCL)

Less than Container Load: small cargo consolidated with other shippers' goods in one container.

混載 こんさい

ENconsolidationVIgom hàng

Combining several small shipments from different shippers into one container or load.

CFS シーエフエス

ENCFSVIkho hàng lẻ (CFS)

Container Freight Station: a facility where LCL cargo is packed into or unpacked from containers.

コンテナヤード

ENCYVIbãi container (CY)

Container Yard: a port area where containers are stored, received and delivered.

リーファーコンテナ

ENreefer containerVIcontainer lạnh

A refrigerated container for temperature-sensitive cargo such as food or pharmaceuticals.

ドライコンテナ

ENdry containerVIcontainer khô (thường)

The most common enclosed container, used for general dry cargo.

オープントップコンテナ

ENopen top containerVIcontainer mở nóc

A container without a rigid roof, for tall cargo loaded by crane from above.

フラットラックコンテナ

ENflat rack containerVIcontainer mặt bằng (flat rack)

A container with only a floor and end walls, for oversized or heavy machinery.

コンテナシール

ENcontainer sealVIseal (chì) container

A numbered seal fixed on container doors to show it has not been opened.

本船 ほんせん

ENvesselVItàu

The specific ship carrying the cargo, recorded with its voyage number on documents.

航海番号 こうかいばんごう

ENvoyage numberVIsố chuyến tàu

The code identifying a particular sailing of a vessel on its route.

フィーダー船 フィーダーせん

ENfeeder vesselVItàu gom (feeder)

A small ship carrying containers between minor ports and major hub ports.

本船（母船） ほんせん（ぼせん）

ENmother vesselVItàu mẹ

A large container ship serving main trunk routes between hub ports.

積み替え つみかえ

ENtransshipmentVIchuyển tải

Unloading cargo from one vessel or vehicle and reloading onto another en route.

船積港 ふなづみこう

ENport of loadingVIcảng xếp hàng (POL)

The port where cargo is loaded onto the vessel, abbreviated POL.

荷揚港 にあげこう

ENport of dischargeVIcảng dỡ hàng (POD)

The port where cargo is unloaded from the vessel, abbreviated POD.

最終仕向地 さいしゅうしむけち

ENfinal destinationVInơi đến cuối cùng

The ultimate place of delivery, which may lie inland beyond the port.

出港予定日 しゅっこうよていび

ENETDVIngày dự kiến khởi hành (ETD)

Estimated Time of Departure: the expected departure time of a vessel or flight.

入港予定日 にゅうこうよていび

ENETAVIngày dự kiến đến (ETA)

Estimated Time of Arrival: the expected arrival time of a vessel or flight.

カットタイム

ENcut-off timeVIgiờ cắt máng (cut-off)

The deadline for delivering containers or documents to make the booked sailing.

輸送日数 ゆそうにっすう

ENtransit timeVIthời gian vận chuyển

The number of days cargo takes to travel from origin to destination.

配船スケジュール はいせんスケジュール

ENsailing scheduleVIlịch tàu

A timetable of departures and port calls for vessels on a route.

デマレージ

ENdemurrageVIphí lưu container tại bãi (DEM)

A charge for keeping a container at the port beyond the free time.

ディテンション

ENdetentionVIphí lưu vỏ container (DET)

A charge for holding a container outside the port beyond the allowed period.

フリータイム

ENfree timeVIthời gian miễn phí

The period during which container use or storage incurs no charge.

ターミナル取扱料 ターミナルとりあつかいりょう

ENTHCVIphí xếp dỡ tại cảng (THC)

Terminal Handling Charge: the fee for handling containers at the port terminal.

燃料油割増料 ねんりょうゆわりましりょう

ENBAFVIphụ phí nhiên liệu (BAF)

Bunker Adjustment Factor: a surcharge offsetting changes in ship fuel prices.

割増料金 わりましりょうきん

ENsurchargeVIphụ phí

An extra charge added to the base freight, such as peak-season or fuel fees.

運賃前払い うんちんまえばらい

ENfreight prepaidVIcước trả trước

Freight paid by the shipper at origin.

運賃着払い うんちんちゃくばらい

ENfreight collectVIcước trả sau

Freight paid by the consignee at destination.

到着案内 とうちゃくあんない

ENarrival noticeVIthông báo hàng đến

A notice sent to the consignee that cargo is arriving at the port.

荷渡指図書 にわたしさしずしょ

ENdelivery orderVIlệnh giao hàng (D/O)

A document authorizing the consignee to collect cargo or containers at the port.

航空運送状 こうくううんそうじょう

ENair waybillVIvận đơn hàng không (AWB)

A non-negotiable transport document for air cargo, abbreviated AWB.

ハウスB/L ハウスビーエル

ENhouse bill of ladingVIvận đơn nhà (HBL)

A bill of lading issued by a forwarder to the shipper, abbreviated HBL.

マスターB/L マスタービーエル

ENmaster bill of ladingVIvận đơn chủ (MBL)

A bill of lading issued by the shipping line to the forwarder, abbreviated MBL.

サレンダーB/L サレンダービーエル

ENsurrendered bill of ladingVIvận đơn surrender (điện giao hàng)

A B/L whose originals are surrendered at origin so cargo is released without them.

海上運送状 かいじょううんそうじょう

ENsea waybillVIgiấy gửi hàng đường biển

A non-negotiable sea transport document; the named consignee can take delivery.

船積指示書 ふなづみしじしょ

ENshipping instructionVIhướng dẫn làm vận đơn (SI)

Details the shipper sends to the carrier for issuing the bill of lading.

総重量 そうじゅうりょう

ENgross weightVItrọng lượng cả bì

The total weight of goods including packaging.

賃率適用重量 ちんりつてきようじゅうりょう

ENchargeable weightVItrọng lượng tính cước

The greater of actual and volumetric weight, used to calculate freight.

容積重量 ようせきじゅうりょう

ENvolumetric weightVItrọng lượng thể tích

A weight derived from package dimensions using the carrier's conversion factor.

立方メートル りっぽうメートル

ENCBMVImét khối (CBM)

Cubic Meter: the volume unit used to rate LCL cargo.

複合一貫輸送 ふくごういっかんゆそう

ENmultimodal transportVIvận tải đa phương thức

Moving goods by at least two modes under a single contract.

陸送 りくそう

ENtruckingVIvận tải đường bộ (trucking)

Moving cargo or containers by truck on roads.

ドレージ

ENdrayageVIkéo container chặng ngắn

Short-distance trucking of containers between port, depot and premises.

ラストワンマイル配送 ラストワンマイルはいそう

ENlast mile deliveryVIgiao hàng chặng cuối

The final leg of delivery from a distribution hub to the end recipient.

配達証明 はいたつしょうめい

ENproof of deliveryVIbằng chứng giao hàng (POD)

A signature or record confirming the recipient received the goods.

危険物 きけんぶつ

ENdangerous goodsVIhàng nguy hiểm (DG)

Goods hazardous in transport that must be declared and packed under regulations.

規格外貨物 きかくがいかもつ

ENout of gauge cargoVIhàng quá khổ (OOG)

Cargo exceeding standard container dimensions, needing special equipment.

バラ積み貨物 バラづみかもつ

ENbulk cargoVIhàng rời

Unpackaged cargo such as coal, ore or grain loaded directly into holds.

貨物保険 かもつほけん

ENcargo insuranceVIbảo hiểm hàng hoá

Insurance covering loss of or damage to goods during transit.

貨物追跡 かもつついせき

ENtrack and traceVItheo dõi hành trình hàng

Checking a shipment's location and status by B/L or container number.

倉庫 そうこ

ENwarehouseVIkho hàng

A building used to store, protect and dispatch goods.

在庫 ざいこ

ENinventoryVIhàng tồn kho

All goods and materials a company holds in stock.

棚卸し たなおろし

ENstocktakingVIkiểm kê kho

Physically counting stock to reconcile it with recorded figures.

循環棚卸 じゅんかんたなおろし

ENcycle countingVIkiểm kê luân phiên

Counting portions of stock on a rotating schedule without a full shutdown.

SKU（在庫管理単位） エスケーユー（ざいこかんりたんい）

ENSKUVImã hàng (SKU)

Stock Keeping Unit: a code identifying each distinct product variant.

入荷 にゅうか

ENreceivingVInhận hàng nhập kho

Accepting goods into the warehouse and checking quantity and condition.

入庫伝票 にゅうこでんぴょう

ENgoods receiptVIphiếu nhập kho

A document recording that goods have been taken into stock.

出庫 しゅっこ

ENgoods issueVIxuất kho

Removing goods from stock for delivery, production or transfer.

格納 かくのう

ENput-awayVIcất hàng lên kệ

Moving received goods to their assigned storage locations.

ピッキング

ENpickingVIlấy hàng (picking)

Retrieving the right items and quantities from storage to fill orders.

ピッキングリスト

ENpicking listVIdanh sách lấy hàng

A list of items, quantities and locations a picker must collect.

トータルピッキング

ENbatch pickingVIlấy hàng theo lô

Picking items for several orders at once, then sorting them by order.

梱包 こんぽう

ENpackingVIđóng gói

Placing goods in packaging to protect them during transport.

パッキングリスト

ENpacking listVIphiếu đóng gói (packing list)

A document listing packages, contents, weights and dimensions of a shipment.

荷印 にじるし

ENshipping markVIký mã hiệu

Markings on packages identifying consignee, package number and destination.

パレット

ENpalletVIpallet

A wooden or plastic platform for stacking goods moved by forklift.

パレタイズ

ENpalletizingVIxếp hàng lên pallet

Stacking and securing packages on a pallet as a stable unit.

フォークリフト

ENforkliftVIxe nâng

A truck with forks for lifting and moving pallets.

ラック

ENrackingVIhệ thống kệ (giá kệ)

Multi-level shelving structures for storing goods and pallets.

ロケーション

ENstorage locationVIvị trí lưu kho

A coded slot in the warehouse where an item is stored.

スロッティング

ENslottingVIbố trí vị trí hàng

Assigning item locations by pick frequency to cut travel time.

先入れ先出し さきいれさきだし

ENFIFOVInhập trước xuất trước (FIFO)

First In, First Out: the oldest stock is issued first.

先期限先出し さききげんさきだし

ENFEFOVIhết hạn trước xuất trước (FEFO)

First Expired, First Out: stock with the nearest expiry is issued first.

ロット番号 ロットばんごう

ENlot numberVIsố lô

A code identifying a batch produced together, used for traceability.

トレーサビリティ

ENtraceabilityVItruy xuất nguồn gốc

The ability to track an item's history and location from source to user.

バーコード

ENbarcodeVImã vạch

A pattern of bars encoding product data, read by a scanner.

ハンディターミナル

ENhandheld terminalVImáy quét cầm tay (PDA)

A handheld device that scans barcodes and updates stock data in real time.

RFID（無線ICタグ） アールエフアイディー（むせんアイシータグ）

ENRFIDVInhận dạng tần số vô tuyến (RFID)

Radio Frequency Identification: tagging items with radio chips for contactless identification.

倉庫管理システム そうこかんりシステム

ENWMSVIhệ thống quản lý kho (WMS)

Warehouse Management System: software controlling receipts, locations, picking and stock.

輸配送管理システム ゆはいそうかんりシステム

ENTMSVIhệ thống quản lý vận tải (TMS)

Transportation Management System: software for planning, dispatching and tracking freight.

安全在庫 あんぜんざいこ

ENsafety stockVItồn kho an toàn

Buffer stock held to avoid shortages from demand or supply variability.

発注点 はっちゅうてん

ENreorder pointVIđiểm đặt hàng lại

The stock level at which a replenishment order is triggered.

欠品 けっぴん

ENstockoutVIhết hàng (thiếu hàng)

Having no stock available to meet orders or demand.

入荷待ち注文 にゅうかまちちゅうもん

ENbackorderVIđơn hàng chờ (nợ hàng)

An order accepted but not yet filled due to lack of stock.

不動在庫 ふどうざいこ

ENdead stockVIhàng tồn đọng

Stock that has not sold or moved for a long time.

在庫回転率 ざいこかいてんりつ

ENinventory turnoverVIvòng quay hàng tồn kho

How many times inventory is sold and replaced in a period.

ABC分析 エービーシーぶんせき

ENABC analysisVIphân tích ABC

Classifying items into A, B and C groups by value to prioritize control.

補充 ほじゅう

ENreplenishmentVIbổ sung hàng

Restocking a warehouse or pick location as levels fall.

クロスドッキング

ENcross-dockingVIcross-docking (chuyển thẳng)

Transferring inbound goods straight to outbound transport with little or no storage.

物流センター ぶつりゅうセンター

ENdistribution centerVItrung tâm phân phối (DC)

A facility receiving bulk goods and distributing them to stores or customers.

保税倉庫 ほぜいそうこ

ENbonded warehouseVIkho ngoại quan

A customs-controlled warehouse storing goods before import duties are paid.

冷蔵倉庫 れいぞうそうこ

ENcold storageVIkho lạnh

Temperature-controlled storage for perishable goods.

コールドチェーン

ENcold chainVIchuỗi cung ứng lạnh

A supply chain maintaining low temperature continuously during storage and transport.

荷捌き場 にさばきば

ENloading dockVIcầu dỡ hàng (dock)

The warehouse area where trucks park for loading and unloading.

フルフィルメント

ENorder fulfillmentVIxử lý đơn hàng (fulfillment)

The full process of receiving, picking, packing and delivering orders.

3PL（サードパーティー・ロジスティクス） スリーピーエル

EN3PLVIdịch vụ logistics bên thứ ba (3PL)

Third-Party Logistics: outsourcing warehousing and transport to a specialist provider.

サプライチェーン

ENsupply chainVIchuỗi cung ứng

The network from suppliers through production and distribution to consumers.

サプライチェーン・マネジメント

ENSCMVIquản lý chuỗi cung ứng (SCM)

Supply Chain Management: coordinating goods, information and money across the chain.

需要予測 じゅようよそく

ENdemand forecastingVIdự báo nhu cầu

Estimating future customer demand to plan supply.

リードタイム

ENlead timeVIthời gian chờ (lead time)

The time between placing an order and receiving it.

ジャストインタイム

ENjust-in-timeVIđúng lúc (JIT)

Supplying exactly what is needed when needed to minimize inventory.

かんばん

ENkanbanVIkanban (thẻ kéo hàng)

A card or signal triggering material replenishment in a pull system.

ブルウィップ効果 ブルウィップこうか

ENbullwhip effectVIhiệu ứng roi da (bullwhip)

Demand fluctuations amplifying as they move upstream in the supply chain.

調達物流 ちょうたつぶつりゅう

ENinbound logisticsVIlogistics đầu vào

The flow of materials from suppliers into a plant or warehouse.

販売物流 はんばいぶつりゅう

ENoutbound logisticsVIlogistics đầu ra

The flow of finished goods from plant or warehouse to customers.

静脈物流 じょうみゃくぶつりゅう

ENreverse logisticsVIlogistics ngược

The flow of returns, recalls and recycling back from customers.

在庫移動 ざいこいどう

ENstock transferVIchuyển kho

Moving stock between warehouses or locations of the same company.

棚卸減耗 たなおろしげんもう

ENshrinkageVIhao hụt hàng

Loss of stock versus records due to theft, damage or errors.

ピッキング精度 ピッキングせいど

ENorder picking accuracyVItỷ lệ lấy hàng chính xác

The share of order lines picked with the correct item and quantity.

OTIF（納期・数量遵守率） オーティーアイエフ（のうき・すうりょうじゅんしゅりつ）

ENOTIFVIgiao đúng hạn đủ hàng (OTIF)

On Time In Full: the share of orders delivered on time and complete.

キッティング

ENkittingVIgom bộ (kitting)

Grouping separate components or items into a ready-to-ship kit.

賞味期間 しょうみきかん

ENshelf lifeVIhạn sử dụng (thời hạn bảo quản)

The period a product remains usable or saleable under proper storage.

ユニットロード

ENunit loadVIđơn vị hàng hoá (unit load)

Grouping goods into a standard unit such as a pallet for single handling.

輸出 ゆしゅつ

ENexportVIxuất khẩu

Selling or sending goods out of a country.

輸入 ゆにゅう

ENimportVInhập khẩu

Buying or bringing goods into a country from abroad.

輸出者 ゆしゅつしゃ

ENexporterVInhà xuất khẩu

A company or person that sells and ships goods abroad.

輸入者 ゆにゅうしゃ

ENimporterVInhà nhập khẩu

A company or person that buys and brings in goods from abroad.

通関 つうかん

ENcustoms clearanceVIthông quan

Completing customs formalities so goods may be exported or imported.

税関申告書 ぜいかんしんこくしょ

ENcustoms declarationVItờ khai hải quan

A document declaring details of goods to customs authorities.

通関業者 つうかんぎょうしゃ

ENcustoms brokerVIđại lý hải quan

A licensed agent who handles customs formalities for traders.

税関 ぜいかん

ENcustoms officeVIchi cục hải quan

The government authority controlling goods crossing borders and collecting duties.

HSコード エイチエスコード

ENHS codeVImã HS

Harmonized System code: the international product classification number used for duties.

関税分類 かんぜいぶんるい

ENtariff classificationVIphân loại hàng hoá (áp mã)

Determining the correct HS code for goods to apply the duty rate.

輸入関税 ゆにゅうかんぜい

ENimport dutyVIthuế nhập khẩu

Tax levied on imported goods based on HS code and value.

輸入消費税 ゆにゅうしょうひぜい

ENimport VATVIthuế GTGT hàng nhập khẩu

Value-added tax collected when goods are imported.

課税価格 かぜいかかく

ENcustoms valueVItrị giá hải quan

The value used as the basis for duty, usually the CIF value.

商業送り状 しょうぎょうおくりじょう

ENcommercial invoiceVIhoá đơn thương mại

The seller's invoice stating goods, quantity, unit price and total.

見積送り状 みつもりおくりじょう

ENproforma invoiceVIhoá đơn chiếu lệ

A preliminary invoice sent in advance for quotation, payment or licensing.

原産地証明書 げんさんちしょうめいしょ

ENcertificate of originVIgiấy chứng nhận xuất xứ (C/O)

A document certifying the country where goods were produced.

特恵関税 とっけいかんぜい

ENpreferential tariffVIthuế suất ưu đãi

A reduced duty rate for goods originating in agreement partner countries.

自由貿易協定 じゆうぼうえききょうてい

ENFTAVIhiệp định thương mại tự do (FTA)

Free Trade Agreement: a pact between countries cutting tariffs and trade barriers.

経済連携協定 けいざいれんけいきょうてい

ENEPAVIhiệp định đối tác kinh tế (EPA)

Economic Partnership Agreement: a broader pact than an FTA, such as Japan–Vietnam EPA.

原産地規則 げんさんちきそく

ENrules of originVIquy tắc xuất xứ

Criteria determining a product's origin for preferential treatment.

輸入許可証 ゆにゅうきょかしょう

ENimport licenseVIgiấy phép nhập khẩu

A government permit allowing import of certain goods.

輸出許可証 ゆしゅつきょかしょう

ENexport licenseVIgiấy phép xuất khẩu

A permit allowing export of controlled goods.

輸出管理 ゆしゅつかんり

ENexport controlVIkiểm soát xuất khẩu

Rules restricting export of sensitive or dual-use goods and technology.

現物検査 げんぶつけんさ

ENphysical inspectionVIkiểm hoá (kiểm tra thực tế)

Customs physically examining goods against the declaration.

簡易審査 かんいしんさ

ENgreen channelVIluồng xanh

A declaration cleared immediately without document or physical checks.

書類審査 しょるいしんさ

ENyellow channelVIluồng vàng

A declaration requiring document review but no physical inspection.

検査扱い けんさあつかい

ENred channelVIluồng đỏ

A declaration requiring both document review and physical inspection.

輸入許可 ゆにゅうきょか

ENcustoms releaseVIgiải phóng hàng

Customs permission to remove goods from customs control.

事後調査 じごちょうさ

ENpost-clearance auditVIkiểm tra sau thông quan

Customs review of a trader's records after goods have been cleared.

戻し税 もどしぜい

ENduty drawbackVIhoàn thuế

Refund of import duty when goods are re-exported or used in exported products.

関税免除 かんぜいめんじょ

ENduty exemptionVImiễn thuế

Relief from paying import duty under law or incentive.

委託加工貿易 いたくかこうぼうえき

ENprocessing tradeVIgia công xuất khẩu

Processing foreign-supplied materials and exporting the finished goods back.

再輸出免税 さいゆしゅつめんぜい

ENtemporary import for re-exportVItạm nhập tái xuất

Importing goods temporarily and then re-exporting them, usually duty-free.

輸出加工区 ゆしゅつかこうく

ENexport processing zoneVIkhu chế xuất

An industrial zone producing for export under special customs rules.

自由貿易地域 じゆうぼうえきちいき

ENfree trade zoneVIkhu thương mại tự do

An area where goods may be stored or processed without paying import duty.

アンチダンピング関税 アンチダンピングかんぜい

ENanti-dumping dutyVIthuế chống bán phá giá

An extra duty on imports sold below normal value.

輸入割当 ゆにゅうわりあて

ENquotaVIhạn ngạch

A limit on the quantity or value of goods allowed in or out.

衛生植物検疫措置 えいせいしょくぶつけんえきそち

ENsanitary and phytosanitary measuresVIbiện pháp kiểm dịch động thực vật (SPS)

Rules protecting human, animal and plant health applied to imports, abbreviated SPS.

検疫 けんえき

ENquarantineVIkiểm dịch

Inspection of plants and animals to prevent spread of pests and disease.

植物検疫証明書 しょくぶつけんえきしょうめいしょ

ENphytosanitary certificateVIgiấy chứng nhận kiểm dịch thực vật

A certificate stating plant products are free from pests.

燻蒸証明書 くんじょうしょうめいしょ

ENfumigation certificateVIgiấy chứng nhận hun trùng

A certificate confirming goods or wooden packaging were fumigated.

分析証明書 ぶんせきしょうめいしょ

ENcertificate of analysisVIgiấy chứng nhận phân tích (COA)

A report of test results on a batch's composition and quality.

検査証明書 けんさしょうめいしょ

ENinspection certificateVIchứng thư giám định

A certificate from an inspection body confirming quantity or quality.

他法令確認 たほうれいかくにん

ENspecialized inspectionVIkiểm tra chuyên ngành

Checks under other laws, such as food safety or technical standards, before clearance.

船積書類 ふなづみしょるい

ENshipping documentsVIbộ chứng từ

The set of invoice, packing list, B/L, C/O and others used for delivery and payment.

売買契約書 ばいばいけいやくしょ

ENsales contractVIhợp đồng mua bán (hợp đồng ngoại thương)

An agreement between foreign seller and buyer on goods, price and delivery.

インコタームズ

ENIncotermsVIIncoterms (điều kiện thương mại)

ICC rules allocating costs and risks between seller and buyer.

本船渡し ほんせんわたし

ENFOBVIgiao lên tàu (FOB)

Free On Board: seller bears risk until goods are loaded on the vessel at origin.

運賃保険料込み うんちんほけんりょうこみ

ENCIFVItiền hàng, bảo hiểm và cước (CIF)

Cost, Insurance and Freight: seller pays freight and insurance to destination port.

工場渡し こうじょうわたし

ENEXWVIgiao tại xưởng (EXW)

Ex Works: buyer collects at seller's premises and bears all later costs.

関税込持込渡し かんぜいこみもちこみわたし

ENDDPVIgiao đã nộp thuế (DDP)

Delivered Duty Paid: seller delivers to the buyer's place with import duties paid.

電信送金 でんしんそうきん

ENtelegraphic transferVIchuyển tiền bằng điện (T/T)

International payment by bank wire transfer, abbreviated T/T.

支払渡し しはらいわたし

ENdocuments against paymentVInhờ thu trả tiền đổi chứng từ (D/P)

Collection where the buyer receives documents only after paying, abbreviated D/P.

引受渡し ひきうけわたし

ENdocuments against acceptanceVInhờ thu chấp nhận đổi chứng từ (D/A)

Collection where the buyer accepts a draft to get documents and pays later, abbreviated D/A.

輸出入・港湾関連情報処理システム（NACCS） ゆしゅつにゅう・こうわんかんれんじょうほうしょりシステム（ナックス）

ENe-customsVIhải quan điện tử (VNACCS)

Electronic customs filing systems, VNACCS in Vietnam and NACCS in Japan.

AEO（認定事業者） エーイーオー（にんていじぎょうしゃ）

ENAEOVIdoanh nghiệp ưu tiên (AEO)

Authorized Economic Operator: a trader certified compliant by customs for faster procedures.

事前教示 じぜんきょうじ

ENadvance rulingVIxác định trước (mã số, trị giá)

A binding customs decision in advance on a product's code, value or origin.

再輸出 さいゆしゅつ

ENre-exportVItái xuất

Exporting previously imported goods without substantial processing.

関税法違反の罰則 かんぜいほういはんのばっそく

ENcustoms penaltyVIphạt vi phạm hải quan

A sanction for misdeclaration, late filing or other customs violations.

貿易コンプライアンス ぼうえきコンプライアンス

ENtrade complianceVItuân thủ thương mại

Ensuring trade activities follow customs, tax and export-control laws.

原産国表示 げんさんこくひょうじ

ENcountry of origin markingVIghi nhãn xuất xứ

Showing the producing country on goods or packaging, e.g. Made in Vietnam.

サンプル輸送 サンプルゆそう

ENsample shipmentVIgửi hàng mẫu

Sending product samples abroad, often by courier with simplified declaration.

購買 こうばい

ENpurchasingVImua hàng

The activity of buying materials, goods and services for a company.

調達 ちょうたつ

ENprocurementVIthu mua (procurement)

The full process of sourcing, negotiating, buying and managing supply.

バイヤー

ENbuyerVInhân viên mua hàng

The person responsible for finding suppliers, negotiating and ordering.

サプライヤー

ENsupplierVInhà cung cấp

A business that sells goods or services to the company.

ベンダー

ENvendorVInhà cung cấp (vendor)

A selling party, the usual ERP term for a supplier.

購買依頼 こうばいいらい

ENpurchase requisitionVIđề nghị mua hàng (PR)

An internal request asking purchasing to buy materials or services.

発注書 はっちゅうしょ

ENpurchase orderVIđơn đặt hàng (PO)

A formal document to a supplier stating items, quantity, price and delivery date.

注文請書 ちゅうもんうけしょ

ENorder acknowledgementVIxác nhận đơn hàng

A supplier's document confirming acceptance of a purchase order.

見積依頼 みつもりいらい

ENrequest for quotationVIyêu cầu báo giá (RFQ)

A document inviting suppliers to quote prices for specific items, abbreviated RFQ.

見積書 みつもりしょ

ENquotationVIbáo giá

A supplier's document stating price and terms of sale.

提案依頼書 ていあんいらいしょ

ENrequest for proposalVIhồ sơ mời đề xuất (RFP)

A document inviting suppliers to propose solutions and prices for complex needs.

入札 にゅうさつ

ENtenderVIđấu thầu

Inviting competitive bids from suppliers to select the best offer.

相見積もり あいみつもり

ENbid comparisonVIso sánh báo giá

Obtaining and comparing quotes from several suppliers.

ソーシング

ENsourcingVItìm nguồn hàng

Finding, evaluating and selecting suitable suppliers.

戦略的調達 せんりゃくてきちょうたつ

ENstrategic sourcingVItìm nguồn chiến lược

Selecting supply sources based on spend analysis and long-term goals.

シングルソーシング

ENsingle sourcingVImột nguồn cung

Deliberately buying an item from only one supplier.

複数購買 ふくすうこうばい

ENmultiple sourcingVIđa nguồn cung

Buying the same item from several suppliers to reduce risk.

海外調達 かいがいちょうたつ

ENoffshore sourcingVImua hàng từ nước ngoài

Sourcing goods from suppliers in other countries.

サプライヤー評価 サプライヤーひょうか

ENsupplier evaluationVIđánh giá nhà cung cấp

Rating suppliers on quality, price, delivery and service.

サプライヤー監査 サプライヤーかんさ

ENsupplier auditVIđánh giá tại nhà cung cấp (audit)

An on-site review of a supplier's facilities and processes.

取引先承認リスト とりひきさきしょうにんリスト

ENapproved vendor listVIdanh sách nhà cung cấp được duyệt (AVL)

A list of suppliers that passed evaluation and are approved to trade.

仕入先マスタ しいれさきマスタ

ENvendor masterVIdữ liệu chủ nhà cung cấp

Core supplier records in the ERP, such as name, address and payment terms.

サプライヤー関係管理 サプライヤーかんけいかんり

ENsupplier relationship managementVIquản lý quan hệ nhà cung cấp (SRM)

A systematic approach to managing and developing supplier relationships, abbreviated SRM.

サプライヤー育成 サプライヤーいくせい

ENsupplier developmentVIphát triển nhà cung cấp

Helping suppliers improve capability in quality, cost and delivery.

交渉 こうしょう

ENnegotiationVIđàm phán

Discussing with suppliers to agree on price and terms.

単価 たんか

ENunit priceVIđơn giá

The price for one unit of goods.

最小発注数量 さいしょうはっちゅうすうりょう

ENMOQVIsố lượng đặt hàng tối thiểu (MOQ)

Minimum Order Quantity: the smallest amount a supplier accepts per order.

数量割引 すうりょうわりびき

ENvolume discountVIchiết khấu theo số lượng

A price reduction for buying in large quantities.

支払条件 しはらいじょうけん

ENpayment termsVIđiều khoản thanh toán

Agreed timing and method of payment, e.g. net 30 days from invoice.

納期 のうき

ENdelivery dateVIngày giao hàng

The date the supplier must deliver under the order.

納期遅延 のうきちえん

ENdelivery delayVIgiao hàng trễ

Goods delivered after the committed date.

納期督促 のうきとくそく

ENexpeditingVIđôn đốc giao hàng

Following up and pushing suppliers to deliver on or ahead of time.

基本取引契約 きほんとりひきけいやく

ENframework agreementVIhợp đồng khung

A contract setting general terms for repeated purchases over a period.

包括発注 ほうかつはっちゅう

ENblanket orderVIđơn hàng tổng (blanket PO)

A long-term order for a total quantity released in multiple deliveries.

スポット購入 スポットこうにゅう

ENspot purchaseVImua lẻ (mua ngay)

A one-off purchase at current market price outside long-term contracts.

受領書 じゅりょうしょ

ENgoods received noteVIbiên bản nhận hàng (GRN)

A document confirming receipt of a supplier's goods, used for payment matching.

受入検査 うけいれけんさ

ENacceptance inspectionVIkiểm tra nghiệm thu đầu vào

Checking the quality of purchased goods before accepting them.

三点照合 さんてんしょうごう

ENthree-way matchVIđối chiếu ba chiều

Matching the PO, goods receipt and invoice before payment.

仕入請求書 しいれせいきゅうしょ

ENsupplier invoiceVIhoá đơn nhà cung cấp

An invoice from a supplier requesting payment for delivered goods.

買掛金 かいかけきん

ENaccounts payableVIcông nợ phải trả

Money the company owes to its suppliers.

コストダウン

ENcost reductionVIcắt giảm chi phí

Measures that lower purchase prices and total supply cost.

総保有コスト そうほゆうコスト

ENtotal cost of ownershipVItổng chi phí sở hữu (TCO)

All costs of buying, operating, maintaining and disposing of a product, abbreviated TCO.

支出分析 ししゅつぶんせき

ENspend analysisVIphân tích chi tiêu

Analyzing purchase data by category and supplier to find savings.

カテゴリーマネジメント

ENcategory managementVIquản lý theo nhóm hàng

Organizing purchasing by spend category, each with its own strategy.

直接材 ちょくせつざい

ENdirect materialsVIvật tư trực tiếp

Materials that become part of the finished product.

間接材 かんせつざい

ENindirect materialsVIvật tư gián tiếp (MRO)

Goods supporting operations, such as supplies and spare parts, not in the product.

資材所要量計画 しざいしょようりょうけいかく

ENMRPVIhoạch định nhu cầu vật tư (MRP)

Material Requirements Planning: calculating material needs from the production plan.

部品表 ぶひんひょう

ENBOMVIđịnh mức nguyên vật liệu (BOM)

Bill of Materials: the list of components and quantities needed to make a product.

ERP（統合基幹業務システム） イーアールピー（とうごうきかんぎょうむシステム）

ENERPVIhệ thống ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning: integrated software for purchasing, inventory, accounting and production.

電子調達 でんしちょうたつ

ENe-procurementVImua sắm điện tử

Conducting purchasing through online systems and platforms.

経済的発注量 けいざいてきはっちゅうりょう

ENeconomic order quantityVIlượng đặt hàng tối ưu (EOQ)

The order size minimizing combined ordering and holding costs, abbreviated EOQ.

内外製判断 ないがいせいはんだん

ENmake or buy decisionVIquyết định tự làm hay mua ngoài

Choosing between producing a part in-house or buying it from a supplier.

外注 がいちゅう

ENoutsourcingVIthuê ngoài

Contracting an external party to perform a process or service.

協力会社 きょうりょくがいしゃ

ENsubcontractorVInhà thầu phụ (gia công)

A company that makes parts or performs work under contract for the firm.

QCD キューシーディー

ENQCDVIchất lượng – chi phí – giao hàng (QCD)

Quality, Cost, Delivery: the three core criteria for judging suppliers.

サプライヤースコアカード

ENsupplier scorecardVIbảng điểm nhà cung cấp

A periodic report of supplier performance metrics.

是正処置要求 ぜせいしょちようきゅう

ENcorrective action requestVIyêu cầu khắc phục

A request for a supplier to find the root cause and correct a quality issue.

不適合品 ふてきごうひん

ENnon-conforming goodsVIhàng không đạt (hàng lỗi)

Received goods that fail to meet specifications or quality requirements.

返品 へんぴん

ENreturn to vendorVItrả hàng nhà cung cấp

Sending defective or excess goods back to the supplier.

調達リスク ちょうたつリスク

ENsupply riskVIrủi ro nguồn cung

The chance of supply disruption from supplier failure, disasters or politics.

価格改定条項 かかくかいていじょうこう

ENprice escalation clauseVIđiều khoản điều chỉnh giá

A clause allowing price changes when input costs change.

秘密保持契約 ひみつほじけいやく

ENNDAVIthoả thuận bảo mật (NDA)

Non-Disclosure Agreement: a commitment not to disclose confidential information shared.

持続可能な調達 じぞくかのうなちょうたつ

ENsustainable procurementVImua sắm bền vững

Purchasing that considers environmental, social and ethical impacts.