電気・電子用語集

電圧 でんあつ

ENvoltageVIđiện áp

The electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V).

電流 でんりゅう

ENcurrentVIdòng điện

The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A).

抵抗 ていこう

ENresistanceVIđiện trở

The opposition a material offers to current flow, measured in ohms (Ω).

電力 でんりょく

ENpowerVIcông suất

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred or consumed, measured in watts (W).

電力量 でんりょくりょう

ENelectrical energyVIđiện năng

The amount of electrical work done over time, usually expressed in kilowatt-hours.

オームの法則 オームのほうそく

ENOhm's lawVIđịnh luật Ôm

The law stating that voltage equals current multiplied by resistance (V = I × R).

キルヒホッフの第1法則 キルヒホッフのだいいちほうそく

ENKirchhoff's current lawVIđịnh luật Kirchhoff về dòng điện

The sum of currents entering a node equals the sum of currents leaving it.

キルヒホッフの第2法則 キルヒホッフのだいにほうそく

ENKirchhoff's voltage lawVIđịnh luật Kirchhoff về điện áp

The algebraic sum of all voltages around any closed loop is zero.

直流 ちょくりゅう

ENDCVIđiện một chiều (DC)

Direct current; current that flows in one constant direction, as from a battery.

交流 こうりゅう

ENACVIđiện xoay chiều (AC)

Alternating current; current that reverses direction periodically, as in mains power.

周波数 しゅうはすう

ENfrequencyVItần số

The number of cycles per second of a periodic signal, measured in hertz (Hz).

周期 しゅうき

ENperiodVIchu kỳ

The time taken for one complete cycle of a periodic signal; the reciprocal of frequency.

振幅 しんぷく

ENamplitudeVIbiên độ

The maximum deviation of a signal from its zero or mean level.

最大値 さいだいち

ENpeak valueVIgiá trị đỉnh

The highest instantaneous value reached by an alternating quantity.

実効値 じっこうち

ENRMS valueVIgiá trị hiệu dụng (RMS)

Root mean square value; the AC value producing the same heating effect as an equal DC value.

位相 いそう

ENphaseVIpha

The relative position in time of a waveform within its cycle.

位相差 いそうさ

ENphase differenceVIđộ lệch pha

The angular offset between two waveforms of the same frequency, such as voltage and current.

インピーダンス

ENimpedanceVItrở kháng

The total opposition to alternating current, combining resistance and reactance, in ohms.

リアクタンス

ENreactanceVIđiện kháng

The frequency-dependent opposition to AC caused by inductance or capacitance.

インダクタンス

ENinductanceVIđiện cảm

The property of a coil that opposes changes in current, measured in henries (H).

静電容量 せいでんようりょう

ENcapacitanceVIđiện dung

The ability of a component to store electric charge, measured in farads (F).

コンダクタンス

ENconductanceVIđiện dẫn

The reciprocal of resistance, indicating ease of current flow, measured in siemens (S).

有効電力 ゆうこうでんりょく

ENactive powerVIcông suất tác dụng

The portion of power actually converted into work or heat, measured in watts.

無効電力 むこうでんりょく

ENreactive powerVIcông suất phản kháng

Power oscillating between source and reactive elements without doing work, measured in var.

皮相電力 ひそうでんりょく

ENapparent powerVIcông suất biểu kiến

The product of RMS voltage and RMS current, measured in volt-amperes (VA).

力率 りきりつ

ENpower factorVIhệ số công suất

The ratio of active power to apparent power, often written as cos φ.

導体 どうたい

ENconductorVIvật dẫn điện

A material that allows current to flow easily, such as copper or aluminium.

絶縁体 ぜつえんたい

ENinsulatorVIvật cách điện

A material that strongly resists current flow, such as plastic, porcelain or rubber.

半導体 はんどうたい

ENsemiconductorVIchất bán dẫn

A material with conductivity between a conductor and insulator that can be controlled, such as silicon.

直列回路 ちょくれつかいろ

ENseries circuitVImạch nối tiếp

A circuit whose components are connected end to end, carrying the same current.

並列回路 へいれつかいろ

ENparallel circuitVImạch song song

A circuit whose components share the same two nodes and the same voltage.

短絡 たんらく

ENshort circuitVIngắn mạch (chập điện)

An unintended low-resistance connection between points, causing excessive current.

開放 かいほう

ENopen circuitVIhở mạch

A break in a circuit that prevents current from flowing.

グランド

ENgroundVIđất, mass (ground)

The 0 V reference point of a circuit, or a connection to the earth.

起電力 きでんりょく

ENelectromotive forceVIsức điện động

The voltage generated by a source such as a battery or generator to drive current.

電界 でんかい

ENelectric fieldVIđiện trường

A region in which an electric charge experiences a force.

磁界 じかい

ENmagnetic fieldVItừ trường

A region of magnetic force produced by magnets or electric currents.

磁束 じそく

ENmagnetic fluxVItừ thông

The total magnetic field passing through a surface, measured in webers (Wb).

電磁誘導 でんじゆうどう

ENelectromagnetic inductionVIcảm ứng điện từ

The generation of an EMF in a circuit by a changing magnetic flux.

抵抗率 ていこうりつ

ENresistivityVIđiện trở suất

A material's intrinsic opposition to current, independent of shape, measured in Ω·m.

テスター

ENmultimeterVIđồng hồ vạn năng

A handheld instrument measuring voltage, current, resistance and continuity.

電圧計 でんあつけい

ENvoltmeterVIvôn kế

An instrument that measures voltage, connected in parallel with the load.

電流計 でんりゅうけい

ENammeterVIampe kế

An instrument that measures current, connected in series with the circuit.

クランプメーター

ENclamp meterVIampe kìm

A meter that measures current by clamping its jaws around a conductor without breaking the circuit.

絶縁抵抗計 ぜつえんていこうけい

ENinsulation resistance testerVIđồng hồ đo điện trở cách điện (megger)

An instrument applying high DC voltage to measure insulation resistance in megohms.

接地抵抗計 せっちていこうけい

ENearth resistance testerVImáy đo điện trở tiếp địa

An instrument that measures the resistance between an earth electrode and the ground.

オシロスコープ

ENoscilloscopeVImáy hiện sóng (oscilloscope)

An instrument that displays voltage waveforms against time on a screen.

電力計 でんりょくけい

ENwattmeterVIoát kế

An instrument that measures the electric power in a circuit.

電力量計 でんりょくりょうけい

ENwatt-hour meterVIcông tơ điện

A meter that records electrical energy consumed, in kilowatt-hours.

LCRメーター エルシーアールメーター

ENLCR meterVImáy đo LCR

An instrument that measures inductance (L), capacitance (C) and resistance (R).

ファンクションジェネレーター

ENfunction generatorVImáy phát hàm (máy phát tín hiệu)

An instrument generating sine, square and triangle signals of adjustable frequency and amplitude.

プローブ

ENprobeVIque đo (đầu dò)

A lead and tip that connect a test point in a circuit to a measuring instrument.

導通チェック どうつうチェック

ENcontinuity testVIkiểm tra thông mạch

A test to check whether two points are electrically connected.

測定誤差 そくていごさ

ENmeasurement errorVIsai số đo

The difference between a measured value and the true value.

確度 かくど

ENaccuracyVIđộ chính xác

How close a measurement is to the true value, usually stated as a percentage in specifications.

分解能 ぶんかいのう

ENresolutionVIđộ phân giải

The smallest change in a quantity that an instrument can detect and display.

校正 こうせい

ENcalibrationVIhiệu chuẩn

Comparing and adjusting an instrument against a standard to ensure correct readings.

波形 はけい

ENwaveformVIdạng sóng

The shape of a signal's variation over time.

正弦波 せいげんは

ENsine waveVIsóng sin

A periodic waveform following a sine function, the standard shape of AC power.

方形波 ほうけいは

ENsquare waveVIsóng vuông

A waveform that switches abruptly between two voltage levels.

デューティ比 デューティひ

ENduty cycleVIchu kỳ làm việc (duty)

The percentage of one period during which a pulse signal is high.

時定数 じていすう

ENtime constantVIhằng số thời gian

The characteristic time describing how fast an RC or RL circuit charges or discharges.

デシベル

ENdecibelVIđề-xi-ben (dB)

A logarithmic unit expressing a ratio of power or voltage, such as gain.

SI単位 エスアイたんい

ENSI unitVIđơn vị SI

A unit of the International System of Units (Système International), such as V, A or Ω.

電子部品 でんしぶひん

ENelectronic componentVIlinh kiện điện tử

A discrete part used in electronic circuits, such as a resistor, capacitor or IC.

抵抗器 ていこうき

ENresistorVIđiện trở (linh kiện)

A component providing a defined resistance to limit current or divide voltage.

コンデンサ

ENcapacitorVItụ điện

A component that stores and releases charge, used for filtering, coupling and energy storage.

電解コンデンサ でんかいコンデンサ

ENelectrolytic capacitorVItụ hoá

A polarised, high-capacitance capacitor commonly used for power-supply smoothing.

セラミックコンデンサ

ENceramic capacitorVItụ gốm

A non-polarised capacitor with a ceramic dielectric, compact and good at high frequencies.

インダクタ

ENinductorVIcuộn cảm

A coil component storing energy in a magnetic field, used for filtering and noise suppression.

ダイオード

ENdiodeVIđiốt

A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in only one direction.

ツェナーダイオード

ENZener diodeVIđiốt Zener

A diode operated in reverse breakdown to maintain a stable voltage.

発光ダイオード はっこうダイオード

ENLEDVIđèn LED (điốt phát quang)

Light-emitting diode; a diode that emits light when forward-biased.

トランジスタ

ENtransistorVItranzito (transistor)

A three-terminal semiconductor device used to amplify or switch signals.

バイポーラトランジスタ

ENBJTVItranzito lưỡng cực (BJT)

Bipolar junction transistor; a current-controlled transistor in NPN or PNP types.

MOSFET モスフェット

ENMOSFETVIMOSFET

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor; a transistor controlled by gate voltage.

IGBT アイジービーティー

ENIGBTVIIGBT

Insulated-gate bipolar transistor; a power switch used in inverters and large power supplies.

サイリスタ

ENthyristorVIthyristor (SCR)

A semiconductor switch that conducts once triggered by a gate pulse.

トライアック

ENtriacVItriac

A bidirectional switching device used to control AC loads.

集積回路 しゅうせきかいろ

ENintegrated circuitVIvi mạch (IC)

A circuit of many components fabricated on one semiconductor chip, abbreviated IC.

オペアンプ

ENoperational amplifierVIbộ khuếch đại thuật toán (op-amp)

A high-gain amplifier IC used in amplifying, comparator and filter circuits.

レギュレータ

ENvoltage regulatorVIIC ổn áp

A circuit or IC that keeps output voltage constant despite input or load changes.

マイコン

ENmicrocontrollerVIvi điều khiển (MCU)

A chip integrating a CPU, memory and peripherals for controlling devices.

リレー

ENrelayVIrơ-le

An electromagnetically operated switch letting a small signal control a larger circuit.

ボリューム

ENpotentiometerVIchiết áp (biến trở)

A three-terminal adjustable resistor used to vary a signal level.

サーミスタ

ENthermistorVInhiệt điện trở (thermistor)

A resistor whose value changes strongly with temperature, used for sensing and protection.

フォトダイオード

ENphotodiodeVIđiốt quang

A diode that produces current proportional to incident light.

フォトカプラ

ENphotocouplerVIbộ ghép quang (opto)

A device transmitting signals by light to electrically isolate two circuits; also called optocoupler.

水晶発振子 すいしょうはっしんし

ENcrystal oscillatorVIthạch anh dao động

A component using a quartz crystal to generate a precise clock frequency.

コネクタ

ENconnectorVIđầu nối (connector)

A mechanical part for joining and separating wires or boards.

ピンヘッダ

ENpin headerVIhàng rào chân cắm (header)

A row of metal pins on a board for attaching cables or modules.

ヒートシンク

ENheat sinkVItản nhiệt

A finned metal part that dissipates heat from power components.

プリント基板 プリントきばん

ENprinted circuit boardVIbảng mạch in (PCB)

An insulating board with copper tracks for mounting and connecting components, abbreviated PCB.

基板実装 きばんじっそう

ENPCB assemblyVIlắp ráp bo mạch (PCBA)

The process of mounting and soldering components onto a printed circuit board.

表面実装部品 ひょうめんじっそうぶひん

ENSMDVIlinh kiện dán (SMD)

Surface-mount device; a component soldered directly onto the board surface.

表面実装 ひょうめんじっそう

ENSMTVIcông nghệ dán bề mặt (SMT)

Surface-mount technology; assembling SMDs using pick-and-place machines and reflow.

スルーホール

ENthrough-holeVIlinh kiện chân cắm (xuyên lỗ)

A mounting style where component leads pass through board holes and are soldered.

はんだ

ENsolderVIthiếc hàn

A low-melting alloy used to join components to a circuit board.

はんだごて

ENsoldering ironVImỏ hàn

A hand tool with a heated tip for melting solder.

リフローはんだ付け リフローはんだづけ

ENreflow solderingVIhàn reflow

Soldering SMDs by melting solder paste in a controlled oven.

フローはんだ付け フローはんだづけ

ENflow solderingVIhàn sóng

Soldering by passing the board underside over a wave of molten solder; also called wave soldering.

クリームはんだ

ENsolder pasteVIkem hàn

A mix of solder powder and flux printed onto pads before reflow.

フラックス

ENfluxVIchất trợ hàn (flux)

A chemical that removes oxides and helps solder wet the joint.

はんだブリッジ

ENsolder bridgeVIchập thiếc (cầu thiếc)

A soldering defect where solder joins adjacent pins or pads.

ランド

ENpadVIpad (điểm hàn)

A copper area on a PCB to which a component lead is soldered.

パターン

ENtraceVIđường mạch (đường đồng)

A copper track on a PCB connecting components.

ビア

ENviaVIlỗ via

A plated hole connecting layers of a multilayer PCB.

レジスト

ENsolder resistVIlớp phủ chống hàn (solder mask)

An insulating coating, usually green, protecting copper and preventing solder bridges.

シルク

ENsilkscreenVIlớp in lụa (ký hiệu)

The printed ink layer showing component labels and markings on a PCB.

ガーバーデータ

ENGerber dataVIfile Gerber

The standard file format describing each PCB layer for fabrication.

回路図 かいろず

ENschematicVIsơ đồ nguyên lý

A drawing using symbols to show components and their connections.

部品表 ぶひんひょう

ENbill of materialsVIdanh sách linh kiện (BOM)

A full list of parts, part numbers and quantities for a product, abbreviated BOM.

フットプリント

ENfootprintVIfootprint (dấu chân linh kiện)

The pad and hole pattern on a PCB that matches a particular component.

ブレッドボード

ENbreadboardVIbo cắm thử (breadboard)

A solderless board for prototyping circuits.

データシート

ENdatasheetVIbảng thông số (datasheet)

A manufacturer's document giving a component's ratings, characteristics and usage.

絶対最大定格 ぜったいさいだいていかく

ENabsolute maximum ratingVIgiá trị giới hạn tuyệt đối

Limits of voltage, current or temperature that must never be exceeded to avoid damage.

極性 きょくせい

ENpolarityVIcực tính

The positive/negative orientation of components such as electrolytic capacitors or diodes.

整流回路 せいりゅうかいろ

ENrectifier circuitVImạch chỉnh lưu

A circuit that converts AC to DC using diodes.

ブリッジ整流 ブリッジせいりゅう

ENbridge rectifierVIcầu chỉnh lưu (cầu điốt)

A four-diode circuit providing full-wave rectification of AC.

平滑回路 へいかつかいろ

ENsmoothing circuitVImạch lọc nguồn (san phẳng)

A circuit using capacitors to reduce ripple after rectification.

スイッチング電源 スイッチングでんげん

ENswitching power supplyVInguồn xung

A power supply that converts voltage efficiently by high-frequency semiconductor switching.

増幅回路 ぞうふくかいろ

ENamplifier circuitVImạch khuếch đại

A circuit that increases the amplitude or power of a signal.

発振回路 はっしんかいろ

ENoscillator circuitVImạch dao động

A circuit that generates a periodic signal without an input signal.

ローパスフィルタ

ENlow-pass filterVIbộ lọc thông thấp

A circuit that passes low frequencies and attenuates high frequencies.

ハイパスフィルタ

ENhigh-pass filterVIbộ lọc thông cao

A circuit that passes high frequencies and attenuates low frequencies.

プルアップ抵抗 プルアップていこう

ENpull-up resistorVIđiện trở kéo lên

A resistor tying a signal line to supply to hold it high when undriven.

パスコン

ENbypass capacitorVItụ thoát (tụ bypass)

A capacitor placed near an IC's supply pin to suppress noise and stabilise voltage.

論理ゲート ろんりゲート

ENlogic gateVIcổng logic

A digital circuit performing a basic logic function such as AND, OR or NOT.

フリップフロップ

ENflip-flopVIflip-flop (mạch lật)

A digital circuit storing one bit, the basic element of registers and counters.

A/Dコンバータ エーディーコンバータ

ENA/D converterVIbộ chuyển đổi tương tự – số (ADC)

Analog-to-digital converter; a circuit turning an analog signal into digital values.

D/Aコンバータ ディーエーコンバータ

END/A converterVIbộ chuyển đổi số – tương tự (DAC)

Digital-to-analog converter; a circuit turning digital values into an analog signal.

ノイズ

ENnoiseVInhiễu

Unwanted electrical signals superimposed on a useful signal.

EMC イーエムシー

ENEMCVItương thích điện từ (EMC)

Electromagnetic compatibility; a device's ability to work without causing or suffering interference.

静電気放電 せいでんきほうでん

ENESDVIphóng tĩnh điện (ESD)

Electrostatic discharge; a sudden static discharge that can damage semiconductors.

三相 さんそう

ENthree-phaseVIđiện ba pha

An AC system of three phases offset by 120°, used for motors and heavy loads.

単相 たんそう

ENsingle-phaseVIđiện một pha

An AC system with one phase, common in households.

線間電圧 せんかんでんあつ

ENline voltageVIđiện áp dây

The voltage between any two phase conductors in a three-phase system.

相電圧 そうでんあつ

ENphase voltageVIđiện áp pha

The voltage between a phase conductor and the neutral.

中性線 ちゅうせいせん

ENneutralVIdây trung tính

The conductor connected to the source neutral point, carrying return current.

高圧 こうあつ

ENhigh voltageVIcao áp (cao thế)

A voltage class used for transmission and distribution, requiring special safety measures.

低圧 ていあつ

ENlow voltageVIhạ áp (hạ thế)

The voltage class supplied to end-use equipment, such as 220/380 V.

送電 そうでん

ENpower transmissionVItruyền tải điện

Carrying electricity at high voltage over long distances from plants to substations.

配電 はいでん

ENpower distributionVIphân phối điện

Delivering electricity from substations to consumers.

変電所 へんでんしょ

ENsubstationVItrạm biến áp

A facility that transforms voltage levels and switches circuits in the grid.

変圧器 へんあつき

ENtransformerVImáy biến áp

A device that raises or lowers AC voltage by electromagnetic induction.

キュービクル

ENcubicleVItủ trung thế hợp bộ (cubicle)

A metal-enclosed unit housing switchgear and transformers to receive high-voltage power for a site.

開閉装置 かいへいそうち

ENswitchgearVIthiết bị đóng cắt

Equipment for switching, protecting and isolating electrical circuits.

分電盤 ぶんでんばん

ENdistribution boardVItủ điện phân phối

A panel housing breakers that divide power into branch circuits.

母線 ぼせん

ENbusbarVIthanh cái

A copper or aluminium bar distributing high current within a panel.

遮断器 しゃだんき

ENcircuit breakerVIaptomat (cầu dao tự động)

A resettable device that automatically opens a circuit on overload or short circuit.

配線用遮断器 はいせんようしゃだんき

ENMCCBVIaptomat khối (MCCB)

Molded case circuit breaker; a breaker in an insulated case protecting distribution circuits.

漏電遮断器 ろうでんしゃだんき

ENearth leakage circuit breakerVIaptomat chống giật (ELCB/RCD)

A breaker that trips on detecting earth leakage current, protecting against shock.

ヒューズ

ENfuseVIcầu chì

A protective device whose element melts when current exceeds its rating.

断路器 だんろき

ENdisconnectorVIdao cách ly

A switch giving a visible isolation gap, operated only with no load current.

電磁接触器 でんじせっしょくき

ENmagnetic contactorVIcông tắc tơ (khởi động từ)

An electromagnetically operated switch for controlling motors and heavy loads.

サーマルリレー

ENthermal overload relayVIrơ-le nhiệt

A relay using a thermal element to protect motors from overload.

電磁開閉器 でんじかいへいき

ENmotor starterVIbộ khởi động động cơ

A contactor combined with an overload relay to start and protect a motor.

定格電流 ていかくでんりゅう

ENrated currentVIdòng điện định mức

The maximum current a device is designed to carry continuously.

定格電圧 ていかくでんあつ

ENrated voltageVIđiện áp định mức

The nominal voltage at which a device is designed to operate.

過電流 かでんりゅう

ENovercurrentVIquá dòng

Current exceeding the rated value due to overload or short circuit.

過負荷 かふか

ENoverloadVIquá tải

A condition where the load demands more than the equipment's rated capacity.

漏れ電流 もれでんりゅう

ENleakage currentVIdòng rò

Current escaping the intended circuit through insulation or to earth.

漏電 ろうでん

ENearth leakageVIrò điện

Current leaking to equipment enclosures or earth because of insulation failure.

電圧降下 でんあつこうか

ENvoltage dropVIsụt áp

The reduction in voltage along a conductor due to its resistance.

高調波 こうちょうは

ENharmonicsVIsóng hài

Frequency components at multiples of the fundamental that distort the supply waveform.

進相コンデンサ しんそうコンデンサ

ENpower factor correction capacitorVItụ bù

A capacitor installed to compensate reactive power and raise the power factor.

停電 ていでん

ENpower outageVImất điện (cúp điện)

An interruption of the electricity supply.

発電機 はつでんき

ENgeneratorVImáy phát điện

A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

無停電電源装置 むていでんでんげんそうち

ENUPSVIbộ lưu điện (UPS)

Uninterruptible power supply; equipment providing battery power instantly during an outage.

誘導電動機 ゆうどうでんどうき

ENinduction motorVIđộng cơ không đồng bộ (cảm ứng)

An AC motor whose rotor turns slightly slower than the rotating field; the most common industrial motor.

同期電動機 どうきでんどうき

ENsynchronous motorVIđộng cơ đồng bộ

An AC motor rotating exactly at the speed of the rotating magnetic field.

直流電動機 ちょくりゅうでんどうき

ENDC motorVIđộng cơ một chiều

A motor powered by direct current, with easy speed control.

固定子 こていし

ENstatorVIstato (phần tĩnh)

The stationary part of a motor or generator, carrying the field windings.

回転子 かいてんし

ENrotorVIrô-to (phần quay)

The rotating part of a motor or generator.

巻線 まきせん

ENwindingVIcuộn dây (dây quấn)

The coiled conductor in a motor or transformer.

スターデルタ始動 スターデルタしどう

ENstar-delta startingVIkhởi động sao – tam giác

Starting a three-phase motor in star then switching to delta to reduce inrush current.

突入電流 とつにゅうでんりゅう

ENinrush currentVIdòng khởi động (dòng xung kích)

The large current drawn momentarily when equipment is first energised.

インバータ

ENinverterVIbiến tần (inverter)

A drive that varies supply frequency and voltage to control motor speed; also called VFD.

ソフトスタータ

ENsoft starterVIbộ khởi động mềm

A device ramping up voltage to start a motor smoothly with reduced inrush.

定格出力 ていかくしゅつりょく

ENrated outputVIcông suất định mức

The output power a machine is designed to deliver continuously.

銘板 めいばん

ENnameplateVInhãn thông số (nameplate)

A plate on equipment showing its rated specifications.

電線 でんせん

ENelectric wireVIdây điện

A conductor, insulated or bare, used to carry electricity.

ケーブル

ENcableVIcáp điện

One or more insulated conductors enclosed in a common protective sheath.

断面積 だんめんせき

ENcross-sectional areaVItiết diện dây

The area of a conductor's cross-section in mm², which determines its current capacity.

許容電流 きょようでんりゅう

ENallowable currentVIdòng cho phép của dây

The maximum current a conductor can carry continuously without overheating.

電線管 でんせんかん

ENconduitVIống luồn dây điện

A metal or plastic tube protecting wiring.

ケーブルラック

ENcable trayVImáng cáp (khay cáp)

A ladder or tray structure supporting electrical cables.

端子台 たんしだい

ENterminal blockVIcầu đấu (domino, terminal)

A block with screw or clamp terminals for connecting wires in a panel.

圧着端子 あっちゃくたんし

ENcrimp terminalVIđầu cos

A metal lug crimped onto a wire end for screw connection.

配線 はいせん

ENwiringVIđi dây (đấu dây)

The installation and connection of electrical wires between equipment.

電気工事 でんきこうじ

ENelectrical workVIthi công điện

Installation and repair of electrical systems in buildings and facilities.

電気工事士 でんきこうじし

ENlicensed electricianVIthợ điện có chứng chỉ

A person holding a national licence to carry out electrical work.

単線結線図 たんせんけっせんず

ENsingle-line diagramVIsơ đồ một sợi

A diagram representing a three-phase power system with single lines.

配線図 はいせんず

ENwiring diagramVIsơ đồ đấu dây

A drawing showing equipment locations and actual wire connections.

接地 せっち

ENearthingVInối đất (tiếp địa)

Connecting equipment or systems to the earth for safety and lightning protection.

避雷器 ひらいき

ENlightning arresterVIchống sét van

A device that diverts lightning surges to earth to protect equipment.

絶縁抵抗 ぜつえんていこう

ENinsulation resistanceVIđiện trở cách điện

The resistance between conductors and earth, indicating insulation condition.

感電 かんでん

ENelectric shockVIđiện giật

The dangerous effect of electric current passing through the human body.

アークフラッシュ

ENarc flashVIhồ quang điện

A sudden release of intense heat and light from an electrical arc fault.

ロックアウト・タグアウト

ENlockout/tagoutVIkhoá và treo biển (LOTO)

A procedure locking and tagging energy sources so no one re-energises equipment during work.

停電作業 ていでんさぎょう

ENde-energized workVIlàm việc cắt điện

Work performed after the circuit has been isolated and verified dead.

活線作業 かっせんさぎょう

ENlive-line workVIlàm việc có điện (hotline)

Work on equipment that remains energised, requiring special tools and protection.

検電器 けんでんき

ENvoltage detectorVIbút thử điện (thiết bị thử điện)

A tool that checks whether a conductor or equipment is energised.

絶縁手袋 ぜつえんてぶくろ

ENinsulating glovesVIgăng tay cách điện

Special rubber gloves protecting the hands from electric shock.

PLC ピーエルシー

ENPLCVIPLC (bộ điều khiển lập trình)

Programmable logic controller; an industrial computer that runs programs to control machinery.

シーケンサ

ENsequencerVIPLC (cách gọi ở Nhật: sequencer)

The common Japanese shop-floor name for a PLC, originally a Mitsubishi trade name.

ラダー図 ラダーず

ENladder diagramVIsơ đồ thang (ladder)

A graphical PLC language resembling relay circuits arranged like a ladder.

シーケンス制御 シーケンスせいぎょ

ENsequence controlVIđiều khiển tuần tự

Control that executes operations step by step according to predefined order and conditions.

フィードバック制御 フィードバックせいぎょ

ENfeedback controlVIđiều khiển phản hồi

Control that compares measured output with a setpoint and continuously corrects it.

オープンループ制御 オープンループせいぎょ

ENopen-loop controlVIđiều khiển vòng hở

Control that does not use feedback from the output.

クローズドループ制御 クローズドループせいぎょ

ENclosed-loop controlVIđiều khiển vòng kín

Control that uses output feedback to correct errors automatically.

PID制御 ピーアイディーせいぎょ

ENPID controlVIđiều khiển PID

Proportional-integral-derivative control combining three actions to minimise error.

目標値 もくひょうち

ENsetpointVIgiá trị đặt

The desired value a control system aims to reach.

制御量 せいぎょりょう

ENprocess variableVIbiến quá trình (giá trị đo)

The actual measured quantity being controlled, such as temperature or pressure.

操作量 そうさりょう

ENmanipulated variableVIbiến điều khiển (tín hiệu ra)

The quantity the controller adjusts to influence the process, such as valve opening.

オーバーシュート

ENovershootVIđộ vọt lố

The amount by which a response exceeds the setpoint before settling.

入力 にゅうりょく

ENinputVIđầu vào (input)

A signal from buttons or sensors fed into a PLC.

出力 しゅつりょく

ENoutputVIđầu ra (output)

A signal a PLC sends to drive lamps, valves or motors.

I/Oユニット アイオーユニット

ENI/O moduleVImô-đun vào/ra (I/O)

A module connecting input and output signals between a PLC and field devices.

CPUユニット シーピーユーユニット

ENCPU unitVImô-đun CPU

The central processing module of a PLC holding the program and memory.

スキャンタイム

ENscan timeVIthời gian quét

The time a PLC takes to read inputs, execute the program and update outputs once.

a接点 エーせってん

ENnormally open contactVItiếp điểm thường mở (NO)

A contact that is open at rest and closes when actuated.

b接点 ビーせってん

ENnormally closed contactVItiếp điểm thường đóng (NC)

A contact that is closed at rest and opens when actuated.

自己保持回路 じこほじかいろ

ENself-holding circuitVImạch tự giữ (duy trì)

A circuit using a relay's own contact to stay energised after the button is released.

インターロック

ENinterlockVIkhoá liên động (interlock)

A mechanism preventing conflicting operations or machine running until safety conditions are met.

タイマ

ENtimerVIbộ định thời (timer)

A function that delays switching of a contact by a set time.

カウンタ

ENcounterVIbộ đếm (counter)

A function that counts pulses or occurrences of an event.

補助リレー ほじょリレー

ENauxiliary relayVIrơ-le trung gian

A small relay used to multiply or amplify contacts in control circuits.

センサ

ENsensorVIcảm biến

A device that detects a physical quantity and converts it into an electrical signal.

近接センサ きんせつセンサ

ENproximity sensorVIcảm biến tiệm cận

A sensor detecting nearby objects, typically metal, without contact.

光電センサ こうでんセンサ

ENphotoelectric sensorVIcảm biến quang

A sensor using a light beam to detect the presence of objects.

リミットスイッチ

ENlimit switchVIcông tắc hành trình

A mechanical switch actuated when a machine part reaches a limit position.

エンコーダ

ENencoderVIbộ mã hoá vòng quay (encoder)

A device converting rotary or linear motion into pulses for measuring position and speed.

熱電対 ねつでんつい

ENthermocoupleVIcặp nhiệt điện (thermocouple)

A temperature sensor of two dissimilar metals producing a temperature-dependent voltage.

測温抵抗体 そくおんていこうたい

ENRTDVInhiệt điện trở kim loại (RTD, Pt100)

Resistance temperature detector; a sensor using platinum resistance, such as Pt100.

圧力センサ あつりょくセンサ

ENpressure sensorVIcảm biến áp suất

A sensor measuring gas or liquid pressure and outputting an electrical signal.

レベルセンサ

ENlevel sensorVIcảm biến mức

A sensor measuring or detecting the level of liquid or material in a tank.

流量計 りゅうりょうけい

ENflow meterVIlưu lượng kế

An instrument measuring the flow rate of liquid or gas in a pipe.

画像処理システム がぞうしょりシステム

ENvision systemVIhệ thống thị giác máy (camera kiểm tra)

A camera and image-processing system for inspecting and identifying products.

NPN出力 エヌピーエヌしゅつりょく

ENNPN outputVIngõ ra NPN

A sensor output that sinks current to 0 V when active.

PNP出力 ピーエヌピーしゅつりょく

ENPNP outputVIngõ ra PNP

A sensor output that sources positive voltage when active.

アナログ信号 アナログしんごう

ENanalog signalVItín hiệu tương tự (analog)

A continuously varying signal such as 4–20 mA or 0–10 V.

4-20mA よんにじゅうミリアンペア

EN4–20 mAVItín hiệu 4–20 mA

An industrial current-loop standard where 4 mA is 0% and 20 mA is 100%.

アクチュエータ

ENactuatorVIcơ cấu chấp hành

A device turning control signals into mechanical motion, such as cylinders or motors.

電磁弁 でんじべん

ENsolenoid valveVIvan điện từ

A valve operated by an electromagnetic coil to control air or fluid.

エアシリンダ

ENpneumatic cylinderVIxi lanh khí nén

An actuator using compressed air to produce linear motion.

サーボモータ

ENservo motorVIđộng cơ servo

A motor with encoder feedback for precise control of position, speed and torque.

サーボアンプ

ENservo amplifierVIbộ điều khiển servo (driver)

A drive that powers and controls a servo motor according to controller commands.

ステッピングモータ

ENstepping motorVIđộng cơ bước

A motor rotating a fixed angle for each control pulse.

位置決め いちぎめ

ENpositioningVIđịnh vị

Control that moves an axis to a precise target position.

原点復帰 げんてんふっき

ENhomingVIvề gốc (về điểm 0)

Returning a machine axis to its reference origin position.

寸動 すんどう

ENjog operationVIchạy nhắp (jog)

Running a machine in small movements only while a button is held, used for setup.

自動運転 じどううんてん

ENautomatic operationVIchạy tự động

A mode in which a machine runs its program without manual intervention.

手動運転 しゅどううんてん

ENmanual operationVIchạy tay (chế độ manual)

A mode in which the operator controls each machine movement.

非常停止 ひじょうていし

ENemergency stopVIdừng khẩn cấp (nút E-stop)

A function or red button that immediately stops a machine in danger.

セーフティライトカーテン

ENsafety light curtainVIrèm quang an toàn

A device using light beams to stop a machine when someone enters a hazard zone.

押しボタンスイッチ おしボタンスイッチ

ENpush buttonVInút nhấn

A switch actuated by pressing, used for start and stop commands.

セレクタスイッチ

ENselector switchVIcông tắc xoay (chuyển mạch)

A rotary switch for selecting modes such as auto/manual.

積層信号灯 せきそうしんごうとう

ENsignal towerVIđèn tháp báo hiệu

A stacked multicolour lamp showing machine status such as running, stopped or fault.

制御盤 せいぎょばん

ENcontrol panelVItủ điều khiển

An enclosure housing PLCs, relays, power supplies and machine control devices.

タッチパネル

ENHMIVImàn hình HMI

Human-machine interface; a touch screen for operating and monitoring machines.

SCADA スキャダ

ENSCADAVIhệ thống SCADA

Supervisory control and data acquisition; a system for plant-wide monitoring and data collection.

分散制御システム ぶんさんせいぎょシステム

ENDCSVIhệ điều khiển phân tán (DCS)

Distributed control system; used in process plants such as chemical or power plants.

フィールドバス

ENfieldbusVImạng truyền thông công nghiệp (fieldbus)

A digital network linking PLCs with field sensors and actuators.

産業用イーサネット さんぎょうようイーサネット

ENindustrial EthernetVIEthernet công nghiệp

Ethernet networks for factories, such as EtherNet/IP, PROFINET and CC-Link IE.

Modbus モドバス

ENModbusVIgiao thức Modbus

A simple, widely used master–slave industrial communication protocol.

産業用ロボット さんぎょうようロボット

ENindustrial robotVIrobot công nghiệp

A programmable robotic arm used for welding, painting and handling in factories.

コンベヤ

ENconveyorVIbăng tải

Equipment that continuously transports items between processes.

サイクルタイム

ENcycle timeVIthời gian chu kỳ (tact time)

The time a machine or process takes to complete one unit.

アラーム

ENalarmVIcảnh báo lỗi (alarm)

A notification raised when a machine faults or detects an abnormal condition.

MES エムイーエス

ENMESVIhệ thống điều hành sản xuất (MES)

Manufacturing execution system; software that manages and tracks production on the shop floor.

IIoT アイアイオーティー

ENIIoTVIIoT công nghiệp (IIoT)

Industrial Internet of Things; networking factory machines and sensors to collect and analyse data.

予防保全 よぼうほぜん

ENpreventive maintenanceVIbảo trì phòng ngừa

Scheduled maintenance performed before failure to avoid unplanned downtime.