IT・情報技術用語集

ソースコード

ENsource codeVImã nguồn (source code)

Program text written in a programming language that humans can read and edit.

プログラミング言語 プログラミングげんご

ENprogramming languageVIngôn ngữ lập trình

A formal system of syntax and rules for writing instructions a computer can execute.

変数 へんすう

ENvariableVIbiến

A named storage location that holds a value which may change during execution.

定数 ていすう

ENconstantVIhằng số

A named value that cannot be changed while the program runs.

データ型 データがた

ENdata typeVIkiểu dữ liệu

A classification such as integer, string or boolean that determines allowed values and operations.

関数 かんすう

ENfunctionVIhàm

A named block of code that takes parameters, performs a task and may return a value.

引数 ひきすう

ENargumentVIđối số

A value actually passed to a function when it is called.

戻り値 もどりち

ENreturn valueVIgiá trị trả về

The result a function sends back to its caller.

ループ

ENloopVIvòng lặp

A control structure that repeats a block of code while a condition holds.

条件分岐 じょうけんぶんき

ENconditional statementVIcâu lệnh điều kiện

A statement such as if/else that chooses which code to run based on a condition.

配列 はいれつ

ENarrayVImảng

An ordered collection of elements accessed by index.

文字列 もじれつ

ENstringVIchuỗi

A sequence of characters used to represent text.

オブジェクト

ENobjectVIđối tượng

An entity that bundles data (properties) and behavior (methods).

クラス

ENclassVIlớp

A template defining the properties and methods from which objects are created.

インスタンス

ENinstanceVIthể hiện (instance)

A concrete object created from a class.

メソッド

ENmethodVIphương thức

A function defined within a class that operates on its objects.

継承 けいしょう

ENinheritanceVIkế thừa

A mechanism letting a subclass reuse the properties and methods of a parent class.

カプセル化 カプセルか

ENencapsulationVIđóng gói

Hiding an object's internal data and exposing it only through a public interface.

ポリモーフィズム

ENpolymorphismVIđa hình

The ability of one call to behave differently depending on the object's type.

インターフェース

ENinterfaceVIgiao diện (interface)

A set of method signatures that implementing classes must provide.

オブジェクト指向プログラミング オブジェクトしこうプログラミング

ENOOPVIlập trình hướng đối tượng (OOP)

Object-Oriented Programming: a paradigm that organizes programs around objects.

アルゴリズム

ENalgorithmVIthuật toán

A finite sequence of well-defined steps for solving a problem.

データ構造 データこうぞう

ENdata structureVIcấu trúc dữ liệu

A way of organizing data in memory for efficient access and modification.

再帰 さいき

ENrecursionVIđệ quy

A technique in which a function calls itself on smaller subproblems.

ライブラリ

ENlibraryVIthư viện

A collection of prewritten code that programs can call.

フレームワーク

ENframeworkVIframework

A software skeleton that dictates application structure and calls developer-written code.

API エーピーアイ

ENAPIVIAPI

Application Programming Interface: a defined way for software components to communicate.

SDK エスディーケー

ENSDKVISDK

Software Development Kit: tools, libraries and documentation for building on a platform.

統合開発環境 とうごうかいはつかんきょう

ENIDEVIIDE

Integrated Development Environment: software combining code editing, building and debugging.

コンパイラ

ENcompilerVItrình biên dịch

A program that translates source code into machine code before execution.

インタプリタ

ENinterpreterVItrình thông dịch

A program that executes source code statement by statement at run time.

コンパイル

ENcompileVIbiên dịch (compile)

To translate source code into machine or intermediate code.

ビルド

ENbuildVIbuild

The process of compiling, linking and packaging source code into a runnable artifact.

ランタイム

ENruntimeVIthời gian chạy (runtime)

The period when a program executes, or the environment supporting its execution.

バグ

ENbugVIlỗi (bug)

A defect in a program that causes incorrect or unexpected behavior.

デバッグ

ENdebugVIgỡ lỗi (debug)

To find and fix the causes of defects in a program.

例外 れいがい

ENexceptionVIngoại lệ (exception)

An abnormal run-time event that disrupts the normal flow of a program.

例外処理 れいがいしょり

ENexception handlingVIxử lý ngoại lệ

Catching and handling exceptions, e.g. with try/catch, so the program does not crash.

リファクタリング

ENrefactoringVItái cấu trúc mã (refactor)

Restructuring code internally without changing its external behavior.

コードレビュー

ENcode reviewVIreview code

Peer examination of code changes before they are merged.

コメント

ENcommentVIchú thích (comment)

Explanatory text in source code that the compiler ignores.

単体テスト たんたいテスト

ENunit testVIkiểm thử đơn vị (unit test)

A test that verifies a single function or module in isolation.

結合テスト けつごうテスト

ENintegration testVIkiểm thử tích hợp

A test that verifies modules working together after being combined.

総合テスト そうごうテスト

ENsystem testVIkiểm thử hệ thống

Testing the complete system against its specified requirements.

テストケース

ENtest caseVItest case (ca kiểm thử)

A set of conditions, inputs and expected results for verifying a feature.

要件定義 ようけんていぎ

ENrequirements definitionVIđịnh nghĩa yêu cầu

The phase of identifying and documenting what a system must do.

基本設計 きほんせっけい

ENbasic designVIthiết kế cơ bản

Design of functions, screens and interfaces as seen by the client; also called external design.

詳細設計 しょうさいせっけい

ENdetailed designVIthiết kế chi tiết

Design of a program's internal structure that serves as the basis for coding.

仕様書 しようしょ

ENspecificationVIđặc tả (spec)

A document precisely describing the required functions and behavior of software.

ウォーターフォールモデル

ENwaterfall modelVImô hình thác nước (waterfall)

A development model proceeding sequentially through phases, each finished before the next.

アジャイル

ENagileVIagile

A development approach using short iterations and embracing changing requirements.

スクラム

ENscrumVIscrum

An agile framework organizing work into sprints with defined roles and ceremonies.

スプリント

ENsprintVIsprint

A fixed-length development cycle, usually one to four weeks, in Scrum.

CI/CD シーアイ/シーディー

ENCI/CDVICI/CD

Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery: automatically building, testing and deploying each code change.

デプロイ

ENdeployVItriển khai (deploy)

To install and release a software version to a target environment.

リリース

ENreleaseVIphát hành (release)

Making an official software version available to users.

本番環境 ほんばんかんきょう

ENproduction environmentVImôi trường production

The live environment where end users use the system.

ステージング環境 ステージングかんきょう

ENstaging environmentVImôi trường staging

A production-like environment for final checks before release.

開発環境 かいはつかんきょう

ENdevelopment environmentVImôi trường phát triển (dev)

The environment developers use to write and try out code.

依存関係 いぞんかんけい

ENdependencyVIphụ thuộc (dependency)

An external library or package a project needs in order to run.

パッケージマネージャー

ENpackage managerVItrình quản lý gói

A tool such as npm or pip that installs, updates and manages dependencies.

技術的負債 ぎじゅつてきふさい

ENtechnical debtVInợ kỹ thuật

The future rework cost incurred by choosing quick but suboptimal solutions now.

デザインパターン

ENdesign patternVImẫu thiết kế (design pattern)

A reusable, proven solution to a common software design problem.

非同期処理 ひどうきしょり

ENasynchronous processingVIxử lý bất đồng bộ (async)

Running tasks without blocking the main flow while waiting for results.

メモリリーク

ENmemory leakVIrò rỉ bộ nhớ

A defect where allocated memory is never released, steadily increasing usage.

バージョン管理 バージョンかんり

ENversion controlVIquản lý phiên bản

A system that records file changes over time so versions can be recalled.

Git ギット

ENGitVIGit

The most widely used distributed version control system.

リポジトリ

ENrepositoryVIkho mã (repository, repo)

A storage location for source code and its complete change history.

コミット

ENcommitVIcommit

To record a set of changes in repository history with a message.

ブランチ

ENbranchVInhánh (branch)

A separate line of development that does not affect the main line.

マージ

ENmergeVImerge (gộp nhánh)

To combine changes from one branch into another.

コンフリクト

ENmerge conflictVIconflict (xung đột)

A situation where two branches change the same lines and Git cannot merge automatically.

プルリクエスト

ENpull requestVIpull request (PR)

A request on platforms like GitHub to review and merge one branch into another.

プッシュ

ENpushVIpush

To upload local commits to a remote repository.

プル

ENpullVIpull

To fetch changes from a remote repository and merge them locally.

クローン

ENcloneVIclone

To copy an entire remote repository to the local machine.

リベース

ENrebaseVIrebase

To reapply a branch's commits onto a new base for a linear history.

タグ

ENtagVItag

A label attached to a specific commit, usually marking a release.

ホットフィックス

ENhotfixVIhotfix

An urgent fix applied directly to production.

オープンソース

ENopen sourceVImã nguồn mở

Software whose source code is public and may be used, modified and redistributed.

正規表現 せいきひょうげん

ENregular expressionVIbiểu thức chính quy (regex)

A pattern string used to search for and match text.

マイクロサービス

ENmicroservicesVImicroservices (kiến trúc vi dịch vụ)

An architecture splitting an application into small, independently deployable services.

ペアプログラミング

ENpair programmingVIlập trình cặp

Two developers working at one machine, one coding and one reviewing.

コーディング規約 コーディングきやく

ENcoding standardVIquy ước viết mã (coding convention)

Agreed rules on naming, formatting and style for a project's code.

データベース

ENdatabaseVIcơ sở dữ liệu (database, DB)

An organized collection of data stored for easy retrieval and update.

データベース管理システム データベースかんりシステム

ENDBMSVIhệ quản trị cơ sở dữ liệu

Database Management System: software for creating, managing and querying databases.

リレーショナルデータベース

ENrelational databaseVIcơ sở dữ liệu quan hệ

A database that organizes data into related tables.

テーブル

ENtableVIbảng

A structure storing data in rows and columns in a relational database.

レコード

ENrecordVIbản ghi (record)

A single row of data in a table representing one entity.

カラム

ENcolumnVIcột

A named field in a table with a defined data type.

主キー しゅキー

ENprimary keyVIkhoá chính

A column or set of columns whose values uniquely identify each row in a table.

外部キー がいぶキー

ENforeign keyVIkhoá ngoại

A column referencing another table's primary key to link the two tables.

一意制約 いちいせいやく

ENunique constraintVIràng buộc unique

A constraint preventing duplicate values in a column.

NOT NULL制約 ノットナルせいやく

ENNOT NULL constraintVIràng buộc NOT NULL

A constraint requiring a column to always contain a value.

NULL ヌル

ENNULLVINULL

A special marker indicating missing or unknown data.

インデックス

ENindexVIchỉ mục (index)

An auxiliary structure that speeds up data lookup in a table.

SQL エスキューエル

ENSQLVISQL

Structured Query Language: the standard language for querying and manipulating relational databases.

クエリ

ENqueryVItruy vấn (query)

A request to retrieve or modify data in a database.

SELECT文 セレクトぶん

ENSELECT statementVIcâu lệnh SELECT

The SQL statement used to retrieve data from tables.

INSERT インサート

ENINSERTVIINSERT (thêm dữ liệu)

The SQL statement that adds new rows to a table.

UPDATE アップデート

ENUPDATEVIUPDATE (cập nhật dữ liệu)

The SQL statement that modifies existing rows.

DELETE デリート

ENDELETEVIDELETE (xoá dữ liệu)

The SQL statement that removes rows from a table.

CRUD クラッド

ENCRUDVICRUD

Create, Read, Update, Delete: the four basic data operations.

結合 けつごう

ENjoinVIjoin (kết bảng)

Combining rows from multiple tables based on related columns.

内部結合 ないぶけつごう

ENinner joinVIinner join

A join returning only rows that match in both tables.

外部結合 がいぶけつごう

ENouter joinVIouter join

A join that keeps unmatched rows and fills missing values with NULL.

サブクエリ

ENsubqueryVItruy vấn con (subquery)

A query nested inside another query.

WHERE句 ウェアく

ENWHERE clauseVImệnh đề WHERE

The part of an SQL statement that filters rows by a condition.

GROUP BY句 グループバイく

ENGROUP BYVIGROUP BY

A clause grouping rows with equal values for aggregation.

集約関数 しゅうやくかんすう

ENaggregate functionVIhàm tổng hợp

A function such as COUNT, SUM or AVG that computes one value from many rows.

ビュー

ENviewVIview (khung nhìn)

A virtual table defined by a stored query.

ストアドプロシージャ

ENstored procedureVIstored procedure (thủ tục lưu trữ)

A set of SQL statements stored and executed within the database.

トリガー

ENtriggerVItrigger

A procedure that runs automatically on INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE events.

トランザクション

ENtransactionVIgiao dịch (transaction)

A group of operations executed entirely or not at all.

セーブポイント

ENsavepointVIsavepoint

A marker within a transaction allowing a partial rollback to that point.

ロールバック

ENrollbackVIrollback (huỷ giao dịch)

To undo a transaction's changes and restore the previous state.

ACID特性 アシッドとくせい

ENACIDVIACID

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability: properties guaranteeing reliable transactions.

ロック

ENlockVIkhoá (lock)

A mechanism preventing concurrent transactions from modifying the same data.

デッドロック

ENdeadlockVIdeadlock (bế tắc)

A state where transactions wait indefinitely for each other's locks.

分離レベル ぶんりレベル

ENisolation levelVImức cô lập

The degree to which a transaction is affected by concurrent ones.

正規化 せいきか

ENnormalizationVIchuẩn hoá

Designing tables to reduce redundancy and data anomalies.

非正規化 ひせいきか

ENdenormalizationVIphi chuẩn hoá

Deliberately adding redundancy to tables to speed up reads.

ER図 イーアールず

ENER diagramVIsơ đồ ER

Entity-Relationship diagram: a chart of entities and their relationships.

エンティティ

ENentityVIthực thể

A thing whose data is managed, such as a customer or order.

1対多 いちたいた

ENone-to-many relationshipVIquan hệ một-nhiều

A relationship where one row in a table relates to many rows in another.

スキーマ

ENschemaVIlược đồ (schema)

The definition of a database's structure: tables, columns, types and constraints.

DDL ディーディーエル

ENDDLVIDDL

Data Definition Language: SQL commands defining structure, such as CREATE, ALTER, DROP.

DML ディーエムエル

ENDMLVIDML

Data Manipulation Language: SQL commands manipulating data, such as SELECT and INSERT.

マイグレーション

ENmigrationVImigration

A versioned change to a schema or a move of data to a new system.

リストア

ENrestoreVIkhôi phục (restore)

To return data from a backup to the system.

レプリケーション

ENreplicationVIsao chép (replication)

Continuously copying data to other servers for redundancy or load sharing.

シャーディング

ENshardingVIsharding (phân mảnh)

Splitting data horizontally across multiple servers for scalability.

パーティショニング

ENpartitioningVIphân vùng (partition)

Dividing a large table into smaller parts by key for efficient management.

NoSQL ノーエスキューエル

ENNoSQLVINoSQL

Databases not based on the relational table model, such as document or key-value stores.

キーバリューストア

ENkey-value storeVIkho key-value

A database storing data as key and value pairs.

ドキュメント指向データベース ドキュメントしこうデータベース

ENdocument databaseVIcơ sở dữ liệu document

A NoSQL database storing data as documents such as JSON.

MySQL マイエスキューエル

ENMySQLVIMySQL

A popular open-source relational database management system.

PostgreSQL ポストグレスキューエル

ENPostgreSQLVIPostgreSQL

A powerful open-source relational database with many advanced features.

ORM オーアールエム

ENORMVIORM

Object-Relational Mapping: mapping database tables to objects in code.

コネクションプール

ENconnection poolVIconnection pool

A set of reusable, pre-opened database connections.

キャッシュ

ENcacheVIbộ nhớ đệm (cache)

Temporary storage of frequently used data for faster access.

実行計画 じっこうけいかく

ENexecution planVIkế hoạch thực thi

The steps a DBMS chooses to run a query, used for performance tuning.

フルスキャン

ENfull table scanVIquét toàn bảng (full scan)

Reading every row of a table when no index can be used.

チューニング

ENperformance tuningVItối ưu hiệu năng (tuning)

Adjusting queries, indexes and settings to make a system faster.

マスタデータ

ENmaster dataVIdữ liệu master

Core, rarely changing reference data such as customer or product lists.

トランザクションデータ

ENtransaction dataVIdữ liệu giao dịch

Data generated by each business event, such as orders or payments.

データ移行 データいこう

ENdata migrationVIchuyển đổi dữ liệu

Moving data from an old system to a new one.

CSV シーエスブイ

ENCSVVICSV

Comma-Separated Values: a text format for tabular data with comma-separated fields.

JSON ジェイソン

ENJSONVIJSON

JavaScript Object Notation: a lightweight text format for structured data exchange.

データウェアハウス

ENdata warehouseVIkho dữ liệu (data warehouse)

A central store integrating data from many sources for analysis and reporting.

ETL イーティーエル

ENETLVIETL

Extract, Transform, Load: the process of moving data into a warehouse.

データレイク

ENdata lakeVIdata lake (hồ dữ liệu)

A large repository storing raw data in any format.

ビッグデータ

ENbig dataVIdữ liệu lớn (big data)

Data sets so large and varied that traditional tools cannot process them.

データクレンジング

ENdata cleansingVIlàm sạch dữ liệu

Detecting and correcting wrong, duplicate or missing data.

データ整合性 データせいごうせい

ENdata integrityVItính toàn vẹn dữ liệu

The accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle.

データベース管理者 データベースかんりしゃ

ENDBAVIquản trị viên cơ sở dữ liệu (DBA)

Database Administrator: the person responsible for operating and maintaining databases.

BI ビーアイ

ENBIVIBI (trí tuệ kinh doanh)

Business Intelligence: tools and processes analyzing data to support decisions.

ダッシュボード

ENdashboardVIdashboard

A screen showing key metrics together as charts.

ウェブサイト

ENwebsiteVItrang web (website)

A set of linked web pages under one domain.

ウェブページ

ENweb pageVItrang web

A single document displayed in a browser, written in HTML.

ブラウザ

ENbrowserVItrình duyệt

Software used to access and display web pages.

URL ユーアールエル

ENURLVIURL (đường dẫn)

Uniform Resource Locator: an address identifying a resource on the Internet.

ドメイン名 ドメインめい

ENdomain nameVItên miền

A human-readable name mapped to a server's IP address, such as example.com.

HTML エイチティーエムエル

ENHTMLVIHTML

HyperText Markup Language: the markup language describing web page structure.

CSS シーエスエス

ENCSSVICSS

Cascading Style Sheets: the language for styling web pages.

JavaScript ジャバスクリプト

ENJavaScriptVIJavaScript

A programming language running in browsers to make web pages interactive.

フロントエンド

ENfrontendVIfrontend

The user-facing part of an application, including interface and interaction.

バックエンド

ENbackendVIbackend

The server-side part of an application handling logic and data.

フルスタック

ENfull-stackVIfull-stack

Covering both frontend and backend development.

クライアント

ENclientVImáy khách (client)

A computer or program that sends requests to a server.

ウェブサーバー

ENweb serverVIweb server

A server such as Nginx or Apache that answers HTTP requests with web content.

HTTP エイチティーティーピー

ENHTTPVIHTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol: the protocol for data transfer between browsers and web servers.

HTTPS エイチティーティーピーエス

ENHTTPSVIHTTPS

HTTP Secure: HTTP encrypted with TLS.

リクエスト

ENrequestVIrequest (yêu cầu)

A message a client sends to a server asking for a resource or action.

レスポンス

ENresponseVIresponse (phản hồi)

The message a server returns to a client after handling a request.

HTTPメソッド エイチティーティーピーメソッド

ENHTTP methodVIphương thức HTTP

The action type of an HTTP request, such as GET, POST, PUT or DELETE.

ステータスコード

ENstatus codeVImã trạng thái

A three-digit number indicating a request's outcome, such as 200, 404 or 500.

REST API レストエーピーアイ

ENREST APIVIREST API

An API following REST, manipulating resources via URLs and HTTP methods.

エンドポイント

ENendpointVIendpoint

A specific URL at which an API receives requests.

クッキー

ENcookieVIcookie

Small data a server stores in the browser to remember user state.

セッション

ENsessionVIphiên (session)

A user's state maintained across multiple requests.

認証 にんしょう

ENauthenticationVIxác thực

Verifying that a user is who they claim to be.

認可 にんか

ENauthorizationVIphân quyền

Determining what an authenticated user is allowed to do.

レスポンシブデザイン

ENresponsive designVIthiết kế responsive

Design that adapts the layout to different screen sizes.

UI ユーアイ

ENUIVIUI (giao diện người dùng)

User Interface: the part of an application users see and operate.

UX ユーエックス

ENUXVIUX (trải nghiệm người dùng)

User Experience: the user's overall experience of using a product.

シングルページアプリケーション

ENsingle-page applicationVIứng dụng trang đơn (SPA)

A web app that loads one page and updates content dynamically without reloads.

Ajax エイジャックス

ENAjaxVIAjax

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML: background requests that update part of a page.

DOM ドム

ENDOMVIDOM

Document Object Model: a tree representation of an HTML page that scripts manipulate.

ウェブアプリケーション

ENweb applicationVIứng dụng web

Software that runs in a browser over the Internet.

ホスティング

ENhostingVIhosting

A service renting server space to run websites.

クラウド

ENcloudVIđiện toán đám mây (cloud)

Using computing resources over the Internet on demand.

CDN シーディーエヌ

ENCDNVICDN

Content Delivery Network: distributed servers delivering content faster to users.

SEO エスイーオー

ENSEOVISEO

Search Engine Optimization: improving a site's ranking in search engines.

ネットワーク

ENnetworkVImạng

A set of connected devices that exchange data.

インターネット

ENInternetVIInternet

The global network of networks using the TCP/IP protocol suite.

LAN ラン

ENLANVImạng LAN

Local Area Network: a network covering a small area such as an office.

WAN ワン

ENWANVImạng WAN

Wide Area Network: a network connecting distant sites.

Wi-Fi ワイファイ

ENWi-FiVIWi-Fi

Wireless local networking based on IEEE 802.11.

プロトコル

ENprotocolVIgiao thức

A set of rules governing how devices exchange data.

TCP/IP ティーシーピーアイピー

ENTCP/IPVITCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol: the foundational Internet protocol suite.

IPアドレス アイピーアドレス

ENIP addressVIđịa chỉ IP

A numeric identifier assigned to each device on an IP network.

IPv4 アイピーブイフォー

ENIPv4VIIPv4

Internet Protocol version 4: the IP version using 32-bit addresses.

IPv6 アイピーブイシックス

ENIPv6VIIPv6

Internet Protocol version 6: the IP version using 128-bit addresses.

サブネットマスク

ENsubnet maskVIsubnet mask

A value dividing an IP address into network and host parts.

デフォルトゲートウェイ

ENdefault gatewayVIdefault gateway

The device forwarding packets outside the local network when no specific route exists.

DNS ディーエヌエス

ENDNSVIDNS

Domain Name System: the system translating domain names into IP addresses.

DHCP ディーエイチシーピー

ENDHCPVIDHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.

ポート番号 ポートばんごう

ENport numberVIsố cổng (port)

A number identifying a service on a host, such as 80 or 443.

パケット

ENpacketVIgói tin

A small unit of data transmitted over a network.

ルーター

ENrouterVIrouter (bộ định tuyến)

A device forwarding packets between different networks.

スイッチ

ENswitchVIswitch (bộ chuyển mạch)

A device connecting LAN hosts and forwarding data by MAC address.

MACアドレス マックアドレス

ENMAC addressVIđịa chỉ MAC

Media Access Control address: a unique hardware identifier of a network interface.

帯域幅 たいいきはば

ENbandwidthVIbăng thông

The maximum data a network link can carry per unit of time.

レイテンシ

ENlatencyVIđộ trễ (latency)

The time data takes to travel from source to destination.

OSI参照モデル オーエスアイさんしょうモデル

ENOSI modelVImô hình OSI

Open Systems Interconnection: a seven-layer model of network communication.

プロキシサーバー

ENproxy serverVIproxy

An intermediary server relaying requests between clients and servers.

NAT ナット

ENNATVINAT

Network Address Translation: converting between private and public IP addresses.

ping ピング

ENpingVIping

A command testing reachability of a host by sending ICMP packets.

SSH エスエスエイチ

ENSSHVISSH

Secure Shell: an encrypted protocol for remote login and control.

FTP エフティーピー

ENFTPVIFTP

File Transfer Protocol: a protocol for transferring files over a network.

WebSocket ウェブソケット

ENWebSocketVIWebSocket

A protocol for persistent two-way communication between browser and server.

XML エックスエムエル

ENXMLVIXML

Extensible Markup Language: a markup language for storing and exchanging structured data.

トラフィック

ENtrafficVIlưu lượng (traffic)

The amount of data moving across a network or visits to a site.

タイムアウト

ENtimeoutVItimeout (hết thời gian chờ)

Aborting an operation when no response arrives within a set time.

ハードウェア

ENhardwareVIphần cứng

The physical components of a computer, such as boards, processors, memory and drives.

ソフトウェア

ENsoftwareVIphần mềm

Programs and associated data that run on hardware to perform tasks.

中央処理装置 ちゅうおうしょりそうち

ENCPUVIbộ xử lý trung tâm (CPU)

Central Processing Unit, the component that executes instructions and controls the computer.

コア

ENcoreVIlõi (core)

An independent processing unit inside a CPU; multi-core CPUs run several threads in parallel.

GPU ジーピーユー

ENGPUVIcard đồ hoạ (GPU)

Graphics Processing Unit, a parallel processor for graphics, now widely used for AI workloads.

メモリ

ENmemoryVIbộ nhớ (RAM)

Main memory that temporarily holds running programs and data, lost when power is off.

ストレージ

ENstorageVIbộ lưu trữ

Devices that keep data persistently, such as HDDs, SSDs or networked storage systems.

SSD エスエスディー

ENSSDVIổ SSD

Solid State Drive, a storage device using flash memory, faster than a mechanical disk.

ハードディスク

ENHDDVIổ cứng (HDD)

Hard Disk Drive, a storage device using spinning magnetic platters, cheap per gigabyte.

マザーボード

ENmotherboardVIbo mạch chủ (mainboard)

The main circuit board connecting the CPU, memory, drives and expansion devices.

周辺機器 しゅうへんきき

ENperipheral deviceVIthiết bị ngoại vi

An external device attached to a computer, such as a keyboard, mouse, printer or monitor.

オペレーティングシステム

ENoperating systemVIhệ điều hành (OS)

System software that manages hardware and resources and provides an environment for applications.

カーネル

ENkernelVInhân (kernel)

The core of an operating system that manages processes, memory and devices.

プロセス

ENprocessVItiến trình (process)

A running program with its own memory space and resources allocated by the OS.

スレッド

ENthreadVIluồng (thread)

The smallest unit of execution within a process; threads share the process memory.

ファイルシステム

ENfile systemVIhệ thống tệp

The way an OS organizes, names and stores files on a storage device.

デバイスドライバ

ENdevice driverVItrình điều khiển (driver)

Software that lets the operating system communicate with and control a hardware device.

仮想記憶 かそうきおく

ENvirtual memoryVIbộ nhớ ảo

A technique using disk space to provide an address space larger than physical RAM.

Linux リナックス

ENLinuxVILinux

An open-source Unix-like operating system, the most common OS on servers.

シェル

ENshellVIshell

A program that takes typed user commands and asks the operating system to execute them.

root権限 ルートけんげん

ENroot privilegeVIquyền root (quyền quản trị)

The highest privilege on a Unix/Linux system, able to change any setting.

起動 きどう

ENbootVIkhởi động (boot)

The process of powering on and loading the operating system until the system is ready.

サーバー

ENserverVImáy chủ (server)

A computer or program that provides services or data to other machines.

インフラ

ENinfrastructureVIhạ tầng (infra)

The servers, network, storage and platforms on which systems run.

データセンター

ENdata centerVItrung tâm dữ liệu (data center)

A dedicated facility housing servers with redundant power, cooling and security.

オンプレミス

ENon-premisesVIon-premise (tự vận hành tại chỗ)

A model where a company owns and operates its infrastructure on its own premises.

クラウドコンピューティング

ENcloud computingVIđiện toán đám mây (cloud)

Delivery of computing resources over the Internet on demand, billed by usage.

IaaS イアース

ENIaaSVIIaaS

Infrastructure as a Service, cloud delivery of virtual machines, networking and storage.

PaaS パース

ENPaaSVIPaaS

Platform as a Service, a platform for running applications without managing servers.

SaaS サース

ENSaaSVISaaS

Software as a Service, complete software used over the Internet on a subscription.

パブリッククラウド

ENpublic cloudVIđám mây công cộng

Cloud run by a provider such as AWS or Azure and shared by many customers.

プライベートクラウド

ENprivate cloudVIđám mây riêng

Cloud infrastructure dedicated to a single organization.

ハイブリッドクラウド

ENhybrid cloudVIđám mây lai (hybrid cloud)

A combination of on-premises or private cloud with public cloud.

リージョン

ENregionVIvùng (region)

A geographic area where a cloud provider operates a cluster of data centers.

アベイラビリティゾーン

ENavailability zoneVIvùng sẵn sàng (AZ)

An isolated data center within a region, used for fault tolerance.

仮想化 かそうか

ENvirtualizationVIảo hoá

A technique that divides one physical machine into multiple virtual machines or logical resources.

仮想マシン かそうマシン

ENvirtual machineVImáy ảo (VM)

A software-emulated computer running its own OS on a physical host.

ハイパーバイザー

ENhypervisorVIhypervisor

Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a physical host.

コンテナ

ENcontainerVIcontainer

An isolated package of an application and its libraries sharing the host OS kernel.

Docker ドッカー

ENDockerVIDocker

A popular platform for building, shipping and running containers.

Kubernetes クバネティス

ENKubernetesVIKubernetes (K8s)

An open-source system for orchestrating, deploying and scaling containers automatically.

サーバーレス

ENserverlessVIserverless

An event-driven model where the provider fully manages servers and scaling.

スケーラビリティ

ENscalabilityVIkhả năng mở rộng

The ability of a system to handle growing load by adding resources.

スケールアウト

ENscale-outVImở rộng ngang (scale out)

Increasing capacity by adding more servers that share the work.

スケールアップ

ENscale-upVImở rộng dọc (scale up)

Increasing capacity by upgrading the CPU or memory of an existing server.

オートスケーリング

ENauto scalingVItự động co giãn (auto scaling)

Automatically adding or removing servers according to actual load.

冗長化 じょうちょうか

ENredundancyVIdự phòng (redundancy)

Duplicating components so the system keeps running if one part fails.

高可用性 こうかようせい

ENhigh availabilityVItính sẵn sàng cao (HA)

A design that keeps a system running continuously with minimal downtime.

フェイルオーバー

ENfailoverVIchuyển đổi dự phòng (failover)

Automatic switching to a standby system when the primary one fails.

単一障害点 たんいつしょうがいてん

ENsingle point of failureVIđiểm lỗi duy nhất (SPOF)

A component whose failure stops the entire system.

ロードバランサー

ENload balancerVIbộ cân bằng tải (load balancer)

A device or service that distributes requests across multiple servers.

バックアップ

ENbackupVIsao lưu (backup)

Making copies of data so it can be restored after loss or damage.

ディザスタリカバリ

ENdisaster recoveryVIkhôi phục sau thảm hoạ (DR)

Plans and systems to restore services after a disaster or major outage.

RAID レイド

ENRAIDVIRAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks, combining disks for speed or fault tolerance.

監視 かんし

ENmonitoringVIgiám sát (monitoring)

Continuously tracking system status and performance and alerting on anomalies.

ログ

ENlogVIlog (nhật ký hệ thống)

A time-ordered record of events, errors and operations in a system.

障害 しょうがい

ENsystem failureVIsự cố (lỗi hệ thống)

A state in which a system stops or behaves abnormally.

ダウンタイム

ENdowntimeVIthời gian ngừng (downtime)

The period during which a system is unavailable.

メンテナンス

ENmaintenanceVIbảo trì

Inspection, updates and repairs to keep a system running reliably.

運用 うんよう

ENsystem operationVIvận hành hệ thống

The day-to-day work of keeping a system running after it goes live.

SLA エスエルエー

ENSLAVIcam kết mức dịch vụ (SLA)

Service Level Agreement, a commitment on service quality such as availability.

稼働率 かどうりつ

ENuptimeVIthời gian hoạt động (uptime)

The proportion of time a system is operational, usually given as a percentage.

Infrastructure as Code インフラストラクチャー・アズ・コード

ENinfrastructure as codeVIhạ tầng dạng mã (IaC)

Defining and provisioning infrastructure through version-controlled configuration files.

DevOps デブオプス

ENDevOpsVIDevOps

A culture and practice uniting development and operations for fast, reliable releases.

プロビジョニング

ENprovisioningVIcấp phát tài nguyên (provisioning)

Preparing and allocating servers, storage or accounts so they are ready for use.

エッジコンピューティング

ENedge computingVIđiện toán biên (edge computing)

Processing data near where it is generated instead of sending it all to a central site.

IoT アイオーティー

ENIoTVIInternet vạn vật (IoT)

Internet of Things, a network of Internet-connected devices and sensors exchanging data.

無停電電源装置 むていでんでんげんそうち

ENUPSVIbộ lưu điện (UPS)

Uninterruptible Power Supply, a device providing temporary power during outages.

情報セキュリティ じょうほうセキュリティ

ENinformation securityVIbảo mật thông tin (an toàn thông tin)

Protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.

機密性 きみつせい

ENconfidentialityVItính bí mật

Ensuring information is accessible only to authorized people.

完全性 かんぜんせい

ENintegrityVItính toàn vẹn

Ensuring information is accurate, complete and not altered without authorization.

可用性 かようせい

ENavailabilityVItính sẵn sàng

Ensuring authorized users can access information when needed.

脆弱性 ぜいじゃくせい

ENvulnerabilityVIlỗ hổng bảo mật

A weakness in a system that can be exploited by an attacker.

脅威 きょうい

ENthreatVImối đe doạ

Anything that could harm information assets, such as attackers or malware.

リスク

ENriskVIrủi ro

The likelihood that a threat exploits a vulnerability, combined with the resulting impact.

アクセス制御 アクセスせいぎょ

ENaccess controlVIkiểm soát truy cập

Mechanisms restricting who can access which resources and how.

パスワード

ENpasswordVImật khẩu

A secret string of characters used to authenticate a user.

多要素認証 たようそにんしょう

ENmulti-factor authenticationVIxác thực đa yếu tố (MFA)

Authentication combining two or more factors, such as a password, phone or fingerprint.

二要素認証 にようそにんしょう

ENtwo-factor authenticationVIxác thực hai lớp (2FA)

A form of MFA using exactly two factors, typically a password and a one-time code.

ワンタイムパスワード

ENone-time passwordVImật khẩu dùng một lần (OTP)

A password valid for only one login or a short period.

シングルサインオン

ENsingle sign-onVIđăng nhập một lần (SSO)

Logging in once to access multiple separate systems.

生体認証 せいたいにんしょう

ENbiometric authenticationVIxác thực sinh trắc học

Authentication using physical traits such as fingerprints, face or iris.

最小権限の原則 さいしょうけんげんのげんそく

ENprinciple of least privilegeVInguyên tắc đặc quyền tối thiểu

Granting users or programs only the permissions their task requires.

暗号化 あんごうか

ENencryptionVImã hoá

Transforming data into an unreadable form without the decryption key.

復号 ふくごう

ENdecryptionVIgiải mã

Converting encrypted data back to its original form using a key.

平文 ひらぶん

ENplaintextVIbản rõ

Data in readable form before encryption.

共通鍵暗号方式 きょうつうかぎあんごうほうしき

ENsymmetric-key cryptographyVImã hoá khoá đối xứng

A method using the same key for encryption and decryption, such as AES.

公開鍵暗号方式 こうかいかぎあんごうほうしき

ENpublic-key cryptographyVImã hoá khoá công khai

A method using a public and private key pair, such as RSA.

秘密鍵 ひみつかぎ

ENprivate keyVIkhoá bí mật (private key)

A key kept only by its owner, used to decrypt or create digital signatures.

ハッシュ関数 ハッシュかんすう

ENhash functionVIhàm băm (hash)

A one-way function mapping data of any size to a fixed-length value.

ソルト

ENsaltVIsalt

Random data added to a password before hashing to defeat precomputed tables.

デジタル署名 デジタルしょめい

ENdigital signatureVIchữ ký số

Data created with a private key that proves the sender and message integrity.

デジタル証明書 デジタルしょうめいしょ

ENdigital certificateVIchứng thư số (certificate)

A file issued by a trusted authority binding a public key to its owner's identity.

認証局 にんしょうきょく

ENcertificate authorityVItổ chức cấp chứng thư (CA)

A trusted organization that issues and revokes digital certificates.

公開鍵基盤 こうかいかぎきばん

ENPKIVIhạ tầng khoá công khai (PKI)

Public Key Infrastructure, the system for managing keys and digital certificates.

マルウェア

ENmalwareVImã độc (malware)

Software designed to harm, steal from or disrupt systems.

コンピュータウイルス

ENcomputer virusVIvirus máy tính

Malware that spreads by attaching itself to other files or programs.

ワーム

ENwormVIsâu máy tính (worm)

Malware that replicates itself and spreads over networks without a host file.

トロイの木馬 トロイのもくば

ENtrojan horseVItrojan

Malware disguised as useful software to trick users into installing it.

ランサムウェア

ENransomwareVImã độc tống tiền (ransomware)

Malware that encrypts a victim's data and demands a ransom to restore it.

スパイウェア

ENspywareVIphần mềm gián điệp (spyware)

Software that secretly collects user information and sends it out.

バックドア

ENbackdoorVIcửa hậu (backdoor)

A hidden way to access a system that bypasses normal authentication.

ウイルス対策ソフト ウイルスたいさくソフト

ENantivirus softwareVIphần mềm diệt virus

Software that detects, blocks and removes malware.

フィッシング

ENphishingVIlừa đảo giả mạo (phishing)

Impersonating trusted emails or sites to steal passwords or personal data.

標的型攻撃メール ひょうてきがたこうげきメール

ENtargeted attack emailVIemail tấn công có chủ đích (spear phishing)

A phishing email crafted for a specific organization or person.

ソーシャルエンジニアリング

ENsocial engineeringVItấn công phi kỹ thuật (social engineering)

Manipulating human psychology to obtain information or access.

総当たり攻撃 そうあたりこうげき

ENbrute-force attackVItấn công vét cạn (brute force)

Trying every possible password or key combination until one works.

パスワードリスト攻撃 パスワードリストこうげき

ENpassword list attackVItấn công dò mật khẩu bị lộ (credential stuffing)

Using account–password pairs leaked from other services to log in illegally.

DoS攻撃 ドスこうげき

ENDoS attackVItấn công từ chối dịch vụ (DoS)

Denial of Service, overloading a system so legitimate users cannot access it.

DDoS攻撃 ディードスこうげき

ENDDoS attackVItấn công DDoS

Distributed Denial of Service, a DoS attack launched from many machines at once.

SQLインジェクション エスキューエルインジェクション

ENSQL injectionVItấn công SQL injection

Injecting malicious SQL through input data to manipulate a database.

クロスサイトスクリプティング

ENcross-site scriptingVItấn công XSS

Injecting malicious scripts into web pages to run in other users' browsers (XSS).

クロスサイトリクエストフォージェリ

ENCSRFVItấn công CSRF

Cross-Site Request Forgery, tricking a logged-in browser into sending unwanted requests.

中間者攻撃 ちゅうかんしゃこうげき

ENman-in-the-middle attackVItấn công xen giữa (MITM)

An attacker intercepts communication between two parties to eavesdrop or alter data.

ゼロデイ攻撃 ゼロデイこうげき

ENzero-day attackVItấn công zero-day

Exploiting a vulnerability that is undisclosed or has no patch yet.

不正アクセス ふせいアクセス

ENunauthorized accessVItruy cập trái phép

Accessing a system or data without permission.

情報漏えい じょうほうろうえい

ENinformation leakageVIrò rỉ thông tin

Confidential information exposed through attacks, mistakes or insiders.

内部不正 ないぶふせい

ENinsider threatVImối đe doạ nội bộ

Harm to information caused by employees or others with internal access.

ファイアウォール

ENfirewallVItường lửa (firewall)

A system filtering network traffic by rules to block unwanted access.

WAF ワフ

ENWAFVItường lửa ứng dụng web (WAF)

Web Application Firewall, blocking attacks on web applications such as SQLi and XSS.

侵入検知システム しんにゅうけんちシステム

ENIDSVIhệ thống phát hiện xâm nhập (IDS)

Intrusion Detection System, monitoring and alerting on suspicious activity.

侵入防止システム しんにゅうぼうしシステム

ENIPSVIhệ thống ngăn chặn xâm nhập (IPS)

Intrusion Prevention System, detecting and automatically blocking attacks.

セキュリティパッチ

ENsecurity patchVIbản vá bảo mật

An update that fixes a security vulnerability in software.

脆弱性診断 ぜいじゃくせいしんだん

ENvulnerability assessmentVIđánh giá lỗ hổng

Examining a system to find and rate security vulnerabilities.

ペネトレーションテスト

ENpenetration testingVIkiểm thử xâm nhập (pentest)

Simulating real attacks to evaluate a system's defenses.

セキュリティインシデント

ENsecurity incidentVIsự cố bảo mật

An event that threatens or harms information security, such as a leak or infection.

CSIRT シーサート

ENCSIRTVIđội ứng cứu sự cố (CSIRT)

Computer Security Incident Response Team, a team that handles security incidents.

SOC ソック

ENSOCVItrung tâm điều hành an ninh (SOC)

Security Operations Center, a unit monitoring system security around the clock.

セキュリティポリシー

ENsecurity policyVIchính sách bảo mật

A document setting an organization's rules and measures for protecting information.

情報セキュリティマネジメントシステム じょうほうセキュリティマネジメントシステム

ENISMSVIhệ thống quản lý an toàn thông tin (ISMS)

Information Security Management System, a management framework per ISO/IEC 27001.

個人情報 こじんじょうほう

ENpersonal informationVIthông tin cá nhân

Information that identifies a specific individual, such as name, address or phone number.

秘密保持契約 ひみつほじけいやく

ENnon-disclosure agreementVIthoả thuận bảo mật (NDA)

A contract committing not to disclose confidential information received from a partner.

ゼロトラスト

ENzero trustVImô hình zero trust

A model that trusts no access by default and verifies every request.

監査ログ かんさログ

ENaudit logVInhật ký kiểm tra (audit log)

A record of who did what and when on a system, used for tracing.

改ざん かいざん

ENtamperingVIgiả mạo, sửa đổi trái phép (tampering)

Unauthorized alteration of data or content.

なりすまし

ENspoofingVIgiả mạo (spoofing)

Impersonating another user, device or address to deceive a system.

プロジェクトマネージャー

ENproject managerVIquản lý dự án (PM)

The person responsible for planning, coordinating and delivering a project.

プロジェクトリーダー

ENproject leaderVItrưởng nhóm dự án (PL)

The person leading the development team on technical work and daily progress.

ブリッジSE ブリッジエスイー

ENbridge system engineerVIkỹ sư cầu nối (BrSE)

An engineer bridging Japanese clients and the offshore development team.

コミュニケーター

ENcomtorVIphiên dịch IT (comtor)

An interpreter specializing in Japanese communication for software projects.

オフショア開発 オフショアかいはつ

ENoffshore developmentVIphát triển offshore

Outsourcing software development to a team in another country, such as Vietnam.

ラボ型契約 ラボがたけいやく

ENlab-type contractVIhợp đồng mô hình lab (ODC)

A contract reserving a dedicated team for a client over a set period.

請負契約 うけおいけいやく

ENfixed-price contractVIhợp đồng trọn gói

A contract to deliver a finished product for a fixed price and scope.

準委任契約 じゅんいにんけいやく

ENquasi-mandate contractVIhợp đồng dịch vụ theo công (SES)

A contract paid for work effort rather than for a guaranteed finished result.

人月 にんげつ

ENman-monthVIman-month (người-tháng)

A unit of effort equal to one person working for one month.

見積もり みつもり

ENestimateVIước lượng (estimate)

A forecast of the effort, cost and time needed for work or a project.

プロダクトバックログ

ENproduct backlogVIproduct backlog

A prioritized list of work and features for the product.

プロダクトオーナー

ENproduct ownerVIproduct owner (PO)

The person accountable for product value and backlog ordering.

スクラムマスター

ENScrum MasterVIScrum Master

The person helping the team apply Scrum effectively and removing impediments.

ユーザーストーリー

ENuser storyVIuser story

A short description of a need from the user's perspective and its value.

デイリースクラム

ENdaily stand-upVIhọp daily

A short daily meeting where the team shares progress and blockers.

振り返り ふりかえり

ENretrospectiveVIhọp nhìn lại (retro)

An end-of-cycle meeting to reflect and improve the way of working.

ベロシティ

ENvelocityVIvelocity (tốc độ đội)

The amount of work, in points, a team completes per sprint.

カンバン

ENkanbanVIkanban

A method of visualizing work on a column board and limiting work in progress.

マイルストーン

ENmilestoneVImốc quan trọng (milestone)

A key point in a project for checking achieved results.

WBS ダブリュービーエス

ENWBSVIcấu trúc phân rã công việc (WBS)

Work Breakdown Structure, decomposing a project into manageable work items.

ガントチャート

ENGantt chartVIbiểu đồ Gantt

A horizontal bar chart showing task schedules and durations.

スケジュール

ENscheduleVIlịch trình (schedule)

The planned start and end dates of project tasks.

納期 のうき

ENdeadlineVIhạn chót (deadline)

The date by which a product or result must be delivered to the client.

成果物 せいかぶつ

ENdeliverableVIsản phẩm bàn giao

Documents, code or products to be handed over under a contract.

スコープ

ENscopeVIphạm vi (scope)

The total work and features a project commits to deliver.

仕様変更 しようへんこう

ENchange requestVIyêu cầu thay đổi (CR)

A request to modify requirements or specifications after agreement.

進捗報告 しんちょくほうこく

ENprogress reportVIbáo cáo tiến độ

A periodic report on progress compared with the plan.

リスク管理 リスクかんり

ENrisk managementVIquản lý rủi ro

Identifying, assessing and handling risks that could affect a project.

QA表 キューエーひょう

ENQ&A sheetVIbảng hỏi đáp (Q&A)

A sheet tracking questions to the client about specifications and their answers.

受入テスト うけいれテスト

ENacceptance testingVIkiểm thử nghiệm thu (UAT)

Testing by the client to confirm the system meets requirements before acceptance.

本番稼働 ほんばんかどう

ENgo-liveVIvận hành chính thức (go-live)

The moment a system starts running in production for real users.

原因分析 げんいんぶんせき

ENroot cause analysisVIphân tích nguyên nhân gốc

Finding the underlying cause of a defect or incident to prevent recurrence.

対策 たいさく

ENcountermeasureVIbiện pháp đối phó

Corrective and preventive actions taken after identifying a problem's cause.

報連相 ほうれんそう

ENhou-ren-souVIbáo cáo – liên lạc – thảo luận (Hō-Ren-Sō)

A Japanese work principle of timely reporting, informing and consulting.

キックオフミーティング

ENkickoff meetingVIhọp khởi động (kickoff)

An opening meeting to align on project goals, scope and roles.

議事録 ぎじろく

ENminutesVIbiên bản họp

A written record of a meeting's discussion and decisions.

人工知能 じんこうちのう

ENartificial intelligenceVItrí tuệ nhân tạo (AI)

The field of building computer systems that perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence.

機械学習 きかいがくしゅう

ENmachine learningVIhọc máy (machine learning)

Methods letting computers learn patterns from data rather than being explicitly programmed.

深層学習 しんそうがくしゅう

ENdeep learningVIhọc sâu (deep learning)

A branch of machine learning using multi-layer neural networks to learn complex features.

ニューラルネットワーク

ENneural networkVImạng nơ-ron

A computational model of layered, connected nodes inspired by the brain.

教師あり学習 きょうしありがくしゅう

ENsupervised learningVIhọc có giám sát

Learning from data labeled with correct answers.

教師なし学習 きょうしなしがくしゅう

ENunsupervised learningVIhọc không giám sát

Learning structure from unlabeled data, such as clustering.

強化学習 きょうかがくしゅう

ENreinforcement learningVIhọc tăng cường

An agent learns optimal actions through trial, error and rewards.

学習データ がくしゅうデータ

ENtraining dataVIdữ liệu huấn luyện

Data used to train a machine learning model.

アノテーション

ENannotationVIgán nhãn dữ liệu (annotation)

Adding labels or notes to data so it can be used for training.

モデル

ENmodelVImô hình (model)

The trained artifact that takes input and produces predictions or generated content.

推論 すいろん

ENinferenceVIsuy luận (inference)

Using a trained model to process new data.

過学習 かがくしゅう

ENoverfittingVIquá khớp (overfitting)

A model fits training data too closely and performs poorly on new data.

正解率 せいかいりつ

ENaccuracyVIđộ chính xác (accuracy)

The proportion of correct predictions among all samples.

生成AI せいせいエーアイ

ENgenerative AIVIAI tạo sinh

AI that creates new content such as text, images or code.

大規模言語モデル だいきぼげんごモデル

ENlarge language modelVImô hình ngôn ngữ lớn (LLM)

A deep learning model trained on vast text to understand and generate language.

プロンプト

ENpromptVIprompt (câu lệnh cho AI)

The instruction or question a user gives to an AI model.

ハルシネーション

ENhallucinationVIảo giác AI (hallucination)

When AI produces false information presented as fact.

ファインチューニング

ENfine-tuningVItinh chỉnh (fine-tuning)

Further training a pre-trained model on specific data for a particular task.

RAG ラグ

ENRAGVIRAG

Retrieval-Augmented Generation, combining document retrieval with an LLM for more grounded answers.

自然言語処理 しぜんげんごしょり

ENnatural language processingVIxử lý ngôn ngữ tự nhiên (NLP)

The field enabling computers to understand and process human language.

画像認識 がぞうにんしき

ENcomputer visionVIthị giác máy tính

The field enabling computers to recognize and analyze images and video.

AIエージェント エーアイエージェント

ENAI agentVIAI agent (tác tử AI)

An AI system that plans and uses tools autonomously to complete tasks.

トークン

ENtokenVItoken

A small unit of text processed by a language model, used for limits and pricing.

ストーリーポイント

ENstory pointVIstory point

A relative unit estimating the size and difficulty of a user story.

バーンダウンチャート

ENburndown chartVIbiểu đồ burndown

A chart showing remaining work over time during a sprint.

アウトソーシング

ENoutsourcingVIgia công phần mềm (outsource)

Contracting an external company to perform some or all development work.