医療用語集

細胞 さいぼう

ENcellVItế bào

The smallest structural and functional unit of a living organism.

組織 そしき

ENtissueVImô

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

臓器 ぞうき

ENorganVIcơ quan, tạng

A structure made of several tissues that performs a specific function, such as the heart or liver.

心臓 しんぞう

ENheartVItim

The hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

肺 はい

ENlungVIphổi

One of the paired chest organs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

肝臓 かんぞう

ENliverVIgan

A large organ in the upper right abdomen that metabolises nutrients, detoxifies substances and produces bile.

腎臓 じんぞう

ENkidneyVIthận

One of the paired organs that filter blood, remove waste and produce urine.

胃 い

ENstomachVIdạ dày

The expanded part of the digestive tract that stores food and mixes it with gastric juice.

食道 しょくどう

ENesophagusVIthực quản

The muscular tube carrying food from the throat to the stomach.

小腸 しょうちょう

ENsmall intestineVIruột non

The long section of intestine between stomach and colon where most nutrients are absorbed.

十二指腸 じゅうにしちょう

ENduodenumVItá tràng

The first part of the small intestine, receiving bile and pancreatic juice.

大腸 だいちょう

ENlarge intestineVIruột già, đại tràng

The final part of the digestive tract that absorbs water and forms stool.

直腸 ちょくちょう

ENrectumVItrực tràng

The last section of the large intestine that stores stool before it leaves through the anus.

虫垂 ちゅうすい

ENappendixVIruột thừa

A small finger-shaped pouch attached to the caecum in the lower right abdomen.

膵臓 すいぞう

ENpancreasVItuỵ

A gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon.

胆のう たんのう

ENgallbladderVItúi mật

A small sac under the liver that stores and concentrates bile.

脾臓 ひぞう

ENspleenVIlách

An organ in the upper left abdomen that filters blood and supports immunity.

膀胱 ぼうこう

ENbladderVIbàng quang

The muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted.

尿管 にょうかん

ENureterVIniệu quản

The tube that carries urine from each kidney to the bladder.

尿道 にょうどう

ENurethraVIniệu đạo

The tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

脳 のう

ENbrainVInão

The central organ of the nervous system, located inside the skull.

大脳 だいのう

ENcerebrumVIđại não

The largest part of the brain, responsible for thought, sensation and voluntary movement.

小脳 しょうのう

ENcerebellumVItiểu não

The rear lower part of the brain that controls balance and coordination.

脊髄 せきずい

ENspinal cordVItuỷ sống

The bundle of nerve tissue within the spine that relays signals between brain and body.

神経 しんけい

ENnerveVIdây thần kinh

A bundle of fibres carrying impulses between the brain, spinal cord and other body parts.

血管 けっかん

ENblood vesselVImạch máu

Any tube that carries blood, including arteries, veins and capillaries.

動脈 どうみゃく

ENarteryVIđộng mạch

A blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart to the organs.

静脈 じょうみゃく

ENveinVItĩnh mạch

A blood vessel carrying blood from the organs back to the heart.

毛細血管 もうさいけっかん

ENcapillaryVImao mạch

A tiny vessel linking arteries and veins where exchange with tissues occurs.

大動脈 だいどうみゃく

ENaortaVIđộng mạch chủ

The largest artery, arising from the left ventricle of the heart.

心房 しんぼう

ENatriumVItâm nhĩ

An upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins.

心室 しんしつ

ENventricleVItâm thất

A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the arteries.

血液 けつえき

ENbloodVImáu

The fluid circulating in vessels that carries oxygen, nutrients and waste.

赤血球 せっけっきゅう

ENred blood cellVIhồng cầu

A blood cell containing haemoglobin that carries oxygen.

白血球 はっけっきゅう

ENwhite blood cellVIbạch cầu

A blood cell that defends the body against infection.

血小板 けっしょうばん

ENplateletVItiểu cầu

A cell fragment in blood that helps stop bleeding by forming clots.

血漿 けっしょう

ENplasmaVIhuyết tương

The pale yellow liquid part of blood containing proteins and salts.

ヘモグロビン

ENhemoglobinVIhuyết sắc tố (hemoglobin)

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds and carries oxygen.

骨格 こっかく

ENskeletonVIbộ xương

The framework of bones that supports and protects the body and anchors muscles.

骨 ほね

ENboneVIxương

The hard, calcium-rich tissue forming the skeleton.

頭蓋骨 ずがいこつ

ENskullVIhộp sọ

The bony structure of the head that encloses and protects the brain.

脊椎 せきつい

ENspineVIcột sống

The column of vertebrae from neck to tailbone that protects the spinal cord.

椎骨 ついこつ

ENvertebraVIđốt sống

Each of the bones that make up the spinal column.

肋骨 ろっこつ

ENribVIxương sườn

A curved bone forming the rib cage that protects the heart and lungs.

骨盤 こつばん

ENpelvisVIkhung chậu

The ring of bones linking the spine to the legs and supporting lower abdominal organs.

大腿骨 だいたいこつ

ENfemurVIxương đùi

The thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the body.

関節 かんせつ

ENjointVIkhớp

The point where two or more bones meet, allowing movement.

軟骨 なんこつ

ENcartilageVIsụn

Tough, flexible connective tissue covering bone ends at joints.

筋肉 きんにく

ENmuscleVIcơ

Tissue that contracts to produce movement and force.

腱 けん

ENtendonVIgân

A band of fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone.

靭帯 じんたい

ENligamentVIdây chằng

A band of fibrous tissue connecting bones and stabilising joints.

皮膚 ひふ

ENskinVIda

The outer covering of the body that protects it and regulates temperature.

気管 きかん

ENtracheaVIkhí quản

The windpipe, carrying air from the larynx to the bronchi.

気管支 きかんし

ENbronchusVIphế quản

A branch of the trachea carrying air into each lung.

喉頭 こうとう

ENlarynxVIthanh quản

The part of the airway in the neck containing the vocal cords.

横隔膜 おうかくまく

ENdiaphragmVIcơ hoành

The dome-shaped muscle separating chest and abdomen, the main muscle of breathing.

甲状腺 こうじょうせん

ENthyroid glandVItuyến giáp

An endocrine gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating metabolism.

ホルモン

ENhormoneVIhormone, nội tiết tố

A chemical messenger secreted into the blood by a gland to regulate target organs.

リンパ節 リンパせつ

ENlymph nodeVIhạch bạch huyết

A small structure along lymph vessels that filters lymph and houses immune cells.

扁桃 へんとう

ENtonsilVIamidan

A mass of lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat involved in immunity.

子宮 しきゅう

ENuterusVItử cung

The female reproductive organ in which a fetus implants and develops.

卵巣 らんそう

ENovaryVIbuồng trứng

The female gonad that produces eggs and sex hormones.

前立腺 ぜんりつせん

ENprostateVItuyến tiền liệt

A male gland surrounding the urethra just below the bladder.

網膜 もうまく

ENretinaVIvõng mạc

The light-sensitive nerve layer lining the back of the eye.

角膜 かくまく

ENcorneaVIgiác mạc

The transparent front layer of the eyeball.

鼓膜 こまく

ENeardrumVImàng nhĩ

The thin membrane between outer and middle ear that vibrates with sound.

腹部 ふくぶ

ENabdomenVIbụng, ổ bụng

The body region between chest and pelvis containing most digestive organs.

胸部 きょうぶ

ENchestVIngực, lồng ngực

The upper trunk between neck and abdomen, containing the heart and lungs.

循環器系 じゅんかんきけい

ENcirculatory systemVIhệ tuần hoàn

The system of heart and blood vessels that moves blood around the body.

呼吸器系 こきゅうきけい

ENrespiratory systemVIhệ hô hấp

The organs responsible for breathing and gas exchange.

消化器系 しょうかきけい

ENdigestive systemVIhệ tiêu hoá

The organs that break down food, absorb nutrients and eliminate waste.

神経系 しんけいけい

ENnervous systemVIhệ thần kinh

The brain, spinal cord and nerves that control body activities.

泌尿器系 ひにょうきけい

ENurinary systemVIhệ tiết niệu

The kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, which produce and excrete urine.

内分泌系 ないぶんぴつけい

ENendocrine systemVIhệ nội tiết

The glands that secrete hormones into the blood to regulate the body.

免疫系 めんえきけい

ENimmune systemVIhệ miễn dịch

The cells and organs that defend the body against pathogens.

運動器系 うんどうきけい

ENmusculoskeletal systemVIhệ cơ xương khớp

The bones, muscles, joints and ligaments that support and move the body.

症状 しょうじょう

ENsymptomVItriệu chứng

An abnormal feeling or change reported by the patient.

徴候 ちょうこう

ENsignVIdấu hiệu, triệu chứng thực thể

An abnormal finding observed or measured by a clinician on examination.

主訴 しゅそ

ENchief complaintVIlý do vào viện, triệu chứng chính

The main problem that brings the patient to seek care, in their own words.

急性 きゅうせい

ENacuteVIcấp tính

Sudden in onset and short in duration.

慢性 まんせい

ENchronicVImạn tính

Persisting for weeks, months or longer.

痛み いたみ

ENpainVIđau

An unpleasant sensation associated with tissue damage or irritation.

炎症 えんしょう

ENinflammationVIviêm

The tissue response to injury or infection, causing swelling, heat, redness and pain.

発熱 はつねつ

ENfeverVIsốt

A body temperature higher than normal.

悪寒 おかん

ENchillsVIớn lạnh, rét run

A feeling of cold with shivering, often as a fever rises.

咳 せき

ENcoughVIho

A forceful reflex expulsion of air from the lungs to clear the airway.

痰 たん

ENsputumVIđờm

Mucus from the lower airways brought up by coughing.

咽頭痛 いんとうつう

ENsore throatVIđau họng

Pain or irritation in the throat, especially on swallowing.

鼻水 はなみず

ENrunny noseVIsổ mũi, chảy nước mũi

Discharge of mucus from the nose.

鼻づまり はなづまり

ENnasal congestionVInghẹt mũi

Blocked nasal passages due to swollen nasal lining.

くしゃみ

ENsneezingVIhắt hơi

A sudden reflex expulsion of air through the nose and mouth due to nasal irritation.

嗄声 させい

ENhoarsenessVIkhàn tiếng

An abnormally rough, strained or weak voice.

呼吸困難 こきゅうこんなん

ENshortness of breathVIkhó thở

A feeling of not getting enough air or of laboured breathing.

喘鳴 ぜんめい

ENwheezingVIthở khò khè

A whistling sound during breathing caused by narrowed airways.

喀血 かっけつ

ENhemoptysisVIho ra máu

Coughing up blood from the lower respiratory tract.

胸痛 きょうつう

ENchest painVIđau ngực

Pain, pressure or tightness in the chest.

動悸 どうき

ENpalpitationsVIhồi hộp, đánh trống ngực

An awareness of a fast, strong or irregular heartbeat.

頭痛 ずつう

ENheadacheVIđau đầu

Pain in the head or upper neck.

めまい

ENdizzinessVIchóng mặt, choáng váng

A feeling of light-headedness, unsteadiness or being about to faint.

回転性めまい かいてんせいめまい

ENvertigoVIchóng mặt quay cuồng

A false sensation that oneself or the surroundings are spinning.

失神 しっしん

ENfaintingVIngất

A brief, self-limited loss of consciousness from reduced blood flow to the brain.

意識障害 いしきしょうがい

ENloss of consciousnessVImất ý thức, hôn mê

A reduced or absent ability to be aware and respond.

痙攣 けいれん

ENconvulsionVIco giật

Involuntary, often generalised, muscle contractions.

しびれ

ENnumbnessVItê bì

Reduced or lost sensation in part of the body, often with tingling.

麻痺 まひ

ENparalysisVIliệt

Loss of the ability to move some or all muscles.

振戦 しんせん

ENtremorVIrun

An involuntary rhythmic shaking of a body part.

不眠 ふみん

ENinsomniaVImất ngủ

Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or waking too early.

倦怠感 けんたいかん

ENfatigueVImệt mỏi

A persistent feeling of tiredness or lack of energy.

全身倦怠感 ぜんしんけんたいかん

ENmalaiseVIkhó chịu toàn thân

A general feeling of discomfort or being unwell.

食欲不振 しょくよくふしん

ENloss of appetiteVIchán ăn

A reduced desire to eat.

体重減少 たいじゅうげんしょう

ENweight lossVIsụt cân

A decrease in body weight, especially when unintentional.

吐き気 はきけ

ENnauseaVIbuồn nôn

An uneasy feeling of wanting to vomit.

嘔吐 おうと

ENvomitingVInôn

Forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth.

吐血 とけつ

ENhematemesisVInôn ra máu

Vomiting blood from the upper digestive tract.

腹痛 ふくつう

ENabdominal painVIđau bụng

Pain felt between the chest and the pelvis.

胸やけ むねやけ

ENheartburnVIợ nóng

A burning feeling behind the breastbone caused by stomach acid reflux.

腹部膨満感 ふくぶぼうまんかん

ENbloatingVIđầy hơi, chướng bụng

A feeling of fullness or tightness in the abdomen.

嚥下困難 えんげこんなん

ENdifficulty swallowingVInuốt khó

Trouble moving food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach.

下痢 げり

ENdiarrheaVItiêu chảy

Passing loose or watery stools more often than usual.

便秘 べんぴ

ENconstipationVItáo bón

Infrequent or difficult bowel movements with hard stools.

血便 けつべん

ENbloody stoolVIđi ngoài ra máu

Stool containing bright red or dark blood.

黄疸 おうだん

ENjaundiceVIvàng da

Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to raised bilirubin in the blood.

頻尿 ひんにょう

ENfrequent urinationVItiểu nhiều lần

Needing to urinate more often than normal, day or night.

排尿痛 はいにょうつう

ENpainful urinationVItiểu buốt

Pain or burning during urination.

血尿 けつにょう

ENhematuriaVItiểu ra máu

Blood in the urine, visible or detected on testing.

浮腫 ふしゅ

ENedemaVIphù

Swelling caused by fluid build-up in tissues, often in the legs or face.

腫れ はれ

ENswellingVIsưng

Abnormal enlargement of a body part from inflammation, injury or fluid.

発疹 ほっしん

ENrashVIphát ban, nổi mẩn

An area of skin with abnormal colour, spots or bumps.

かゆみ

ENitchingVIngứa

An irritating skin sensation that causes a desire to scratch.

あざ

ENbruiseVIvết bầm tím

Skin discolouration caused by blood leaking under the skin after injury.

出血 しゅっけつ

ENbleedingVIchảy máu, xuất huyết

Loss of blood from vessels, externally or internally.

チアノーゼ

ENcyanosisVItím tái

Bluish skin and mucous membranes due to low blood oxygen.

発汗 はっかん

ENsweatingVIvã mồ hôi, ra nhiều mồ hôi

Producing sweat, especially excessively or as a cold sweat.

脱水 だっすい

ENdehydrationVImất nước

A state in which the body lacks enough water and electrolytes.

腰痛 ようつう

ENback painVIđau lưng

Pain in the back, most often the lower back.

関節痛 かんせつつう

ENjoint painVIđau khớp

Pain in one or more joints.

筋肉痛 きんにくつう

ENmuscle painVIđau cơ

Aching or pain in the muscles.

こわばり

ENstiffnessVIcứng khớp, cứng cơ

Difficulty moving a joint or muscle, often worse in the morning.

かすみ目 かすみめ

ENblurred visionVInhìn mờ

Loss of sharpness of vision.

耳鳴り みみなり

ENtinnitusVIù tai

Hearing ringing or buzzing without an external sound source.

疾患 しっかん

ENdiseaseVIbệnh

A disorder of body structure or function with characteristic features.

感染症 かんせんしょう

ENinfectionVInhiễm trùng, nhiễm khuẩn

Disease caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites invading and multiplying.

かぜ症候群 かぜしょうこうぐん

ENcommon coldVIcảm lạnh

A mild viral infection of the upper airway causing runny nose and sore throat.

インフルエンザ

ENinfluenzaVIcúm

An influenza virus infection causing high fever, body aches and respiratory symptoms.

新型コロナウイルス感染症 しんがたコロナウイルスかんせんしょう

ENCOVID-19VICOVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

肺炎 はいえん

ENpneumoniaVIviêm phổi

Inflammation of lung tissue, usually from bacterial or viral infection.

気管支炎 きかんしえん

ENbronchitisVIviêm phế quản

Inflammation of the bronchial lining, causing cough and sputum.

気管支喘息 きかんしぜんそく

ENasthmaVIhen phế quản

A chronic airway inflammation with episodes of narrowing that cause wheezing and breathlessness.

慢性閉塞性肺疾患 まんせいへいそくせいはいしっかん

ENCOPDVIbệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a persistent airflow limitation mostly linked to smoking.

結核 けっかく

ENtuberculosisVIbệnh lao

An infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most often affecting the lungs.

高血圧 こうけつあつ

ENhypertensionVItăng huyết áp, cao huyết áp

Persistently raised blood pressure in the arteries.

糖尿病 とうにょうびょう

ENdiabetesVIđái tháo đường, tiểu đường

A metabolic disease with chronically high blood glucose due to lack of or resistance to insulin.

脂質異常症 ししついじょうしょう

ENdyslipidemiaVIrối loạn mỡ máu

Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol or triglycerides.

肥満症 ひまんしょう

ENobesityVIbéo phì

Excess body fat accumulation that harms health.

メタボリックシンドローム

ENmetabolic syndromeVIhội chứng chuyển hoá

A cluster of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, glucose and lipid abnormalities raising cardiovascular risk.

痛風 つうふう

ENgoutVIbệnh gút (gout)

Arthritis caused by urate crystal deposits due to high blood uric acid.

心筋梗塞 しんきんこうそく

ENmyocardial infarctionVInhồi máu cơ tim

Death of heart muscle caused by blockage of a coronary artery.

狭心症 きょうしんしょう

ENanginaVIđau thắt ngực

A condition causing chest pain from temporary lack of blood to the heart muscle.

心不全 しんふぜん

ENheart failureVIsuy tim

A condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

不整脈 ふせいみゃく

ENarrhythmiaVIrối loạn nhịp tim

An abnormal heart rhythm in rate or regularity.

心房細動 しんぼうさいどう

ENatrial fibrillationVIrung nhĩ

An arrhythmia in which chaotic atrial activity causes an irregular heartbeat.

脳卒中 のうそっちゅう

ENstrokeVIđột quỵ, tai biến mạch máu não

Sudden brain damage caused by a blocked or ruptured brain blood vessel.

脳梗塞 のうこうそく

ENcerebral infarctionVInhồi máu não

A stroke in which a blocked brain artery causes tissue death.

脳出血 のうしゅっけつ

ENcerebral hemorrhageVIxuất huyết não

A stroke caused by a ruptured vessel bleeding into brain tissue.

動脈瘤 どうみゃくりゅう

ENaneurysmVIphình động mạch

An abnormal bulge in an artery wall that may rupture.

胃炎 いえん

ENgastritisVIviêm dạ dày

Inflammation of the stomach lining.

胃潰瘍 いかいよう

ENgastric ulcerVIloét dạ dày

An open sore in the stomach lining, often linked to H. pylori.

逆流性食道炎 ぎゃくりゅうせいしょくどうえん

ENGERDVItrào ngược dạ dày thực quản

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, in which stomach acid flows back and irritates the oesophagus.

胃腸炎 いちょうえん

ENgastroenteritisVIviêm dạ dày ruột

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually infectious, causing vomiting and diarrhoea.

食中毒 しょくちゅうどく

ENfood poisoningVIngộ độc thực phẩm

Illness from eating food contaminated with microbes or toxins.

虫垂炎 ちゅうすいえん

ENappendicitisVIviêm ruột thừa

Acute inflammation of the appendix, typically causing lower right abdominal pain.

肝炎 かんえん

ENhepatitisVIviêm gan

Inflammation of the liver, commonly from hepatitis viruses or alcohol.

脂肪肝 しぼうかん

ENfatty liverVIgan nhiễm mỡ

Excess fat accumulation in liver cells.

肝硬変 かんこうへん

ENcirrhosisVIxơ gan

Widespread scarring of the liver from long-term damage, impairing its function.

胆石症 たんせきしょう

ENgallstonesVIsỏi mật

Stones formed in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

膵炎 すいえん

ENpancreatitisVIviêm tuỵ

Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, causing severe upper abdominal pain.

腎結石 じんけっせき

ENkidney stonesVIsỏi thận

Mineral stones forming in the kidney that may cause severe colicky pain.

慢性腎臓病 まんせいじんぞうびょう

ENchronic kidney diseaseVIbệnh thận mạn

Kidney damage or reduced function lasting more than three months.

尿路感染症 にょうろかんせんしょう

ENurinary tract infectionVInhiễm khuẩn đường tiết niệu

An infection of the bladder, urethra, ureters or kidneys.

前立腺肥大症 ぜんりつせんひだいしょう

ENbenign prostatic hyperplasiaVIphì đại tuyến tiền liệt

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate causing urinary difficulty in older men.

貧血 ひんけつ

ENanemiaVIthiếu máu

A reduced level of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood.

腫瘍 しゅよう

ENtumorVIkhối u

An abnormal growth of tissue, either benign or malignant.

がん

ENcancerVIung thư

Disease in which malignant cells grow uncontrollably and can spread.

転移 てんい

ENmetastasisVIdi căn

The spread of cancer cells from the primary site to other organs.

肺がん はいがん

ENlung cancerVIung thư phổi

Cancer arising from the cells of the bronchi or lung tissue.

胃がん いがん

ENstomach cancerVIung thư dạ dày

Cancer arising from the stomach lining.

大腸がん だいちょうがん

ENcolorectal cancerVIung thư đại trực tràng

Cancer arising in the colon or rectum.

肝臓がん かんぞうがん

ENliver cancerVIung thư gan

Primary cancer of the liver, often arising from hepatitis or cirrhosis.

乳がん にゅうがん

ENbreast cancerVIung thư vú

Cancer arising from breast tissue.

白血病 はっけつびょう

ENleukemiaVIbệnh bạch cầu, ung thư máu

Cancer of blood-forming cells producing abnormal white blood cells.

骨粗しょう症 こつそしょうしょう

ENosteoporosisVIloãng xương

A condition of reduced bone density making bones fragile and prone to fracture.

骨折 こっせつ

ENfractureVIgãy xương

A crack or break in a bone.

捻挫 ねんざ

ENsprainVIbong gân

An injury to a ligament caused by overstretching a joint.

変形性関節症 へんけいせいかんせつしょう

ENosteoarthritisVIthoái hoá khớp

Joint disease from wear of cartilage with age, causing pain and stiffness.

関節リウマチ かんせつリウマチ

ENrheumatoid arthritisVIviêm khớp dạng thấp

An autoimmune disease causing chronic symmetrical inflammation of many joints.

椎間板ヘルニア ついかんばんヘルニア

ENherniated discVIthoát vị đĩa đệm

Protrusion of the disc core that presses on nerve roots or the spinal cord.

認知症 にんちしょう

ENdementiaVIsa sút trí tuệ

A lasting decline in memory and thinking that interferes with daily life.

アルツハイマー病 アルツハイマーびょう

ENAlzheimer's diseaseVIbệnh Alzheimer

A neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia.

パーキンソン病 パーキンソンびょう

ENParkinson's diseaseVIbệnh Parkinson

A neurodegenerative disease causing tremor, rigidity and slow movement.

てんかん

ENepilepsyVIđộng kinh

A chronic brain disorder with recurrent seizures.

片頭痛 へんずつう

ENmigraineVIđau nửa đầu (migraine)

A disorder of recurrent throbbing, often one-sided headaches with nausea.

うつ病 うつびょう

ENdepressionVItrầm cảm

A mental disorder of persistent low mood and loss of interest.

不安障害 ふあんしょうがい

ENanxiety disorderVIrối loạn lo âu

A mental disorder of excessive, persistent and hard-to-control worry.

アレルギー

ENallergyVIdị ứng

An excessive immune reaction to harmless substances such as pollen or food.

花粉症 かふんしょう

ENhay feverVIviêm mũi dị ứng phấn hoa

Allergic rhinitis caused by pollen, with seasonal sneezing and runny nose.

アトピー性皮膚炎 アトピーせいひふえん

ENatopic dermatitisVIviêm da cơ địa

A chronic itchy skin condition with recurring dry, eczematous patches.

甲状腺機能亢進症 こうじょうせんきのうこうしんしょう

ENhyperthyroidismVIcường giáp

Overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

甲状腺機能低下症 こうじょうせんきのうていかしょう

ENhypothyroidismVIsuy giáp

Underproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

デング熱 デングねつ

ENdengue feverVIsốt xuất huyết

A mosquito-borne Dengue virus infection causing high fever and possible bleeding.

麻疹 ましん

ENmeaslesVIsởi

A contagious viral disease causing fever and a widespread rash.

水痘 すいとう

ENchickenpoxVIthuỷ đậu

A varicella-zoster virus infection causing fever and itchy blisters.

手足口病 てあしくちびょう

ENhand, foot and mouth diseaseVIbệnh tay chân miệng

An enteroviral illness of young children causing mouth sores and blisters on hands and feet.

結膜炎 けつまくえん

ENconjunctivitisVIviêm kết mạc, đau mắt đỏ

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing red eyes and discharge.

白内障 はくないしょう

ENcataractVIđục thuỷ tinh thể

Clouding of the eye's lens that reduces vision.

緑内障 りょくないしょう

ENglaucomaVItăng nhãn áp (glôcôm)

Optic nerve damage, often associated with raised pressure inside the eye.

中耳炎 ちゅうじえん

ENotitis mediaVIviêm tai giữa

Inflammation of the middle ear, common in children.

診察 しんさつ

ENmedical examinationVIkhám bệnh

The process in which a doctor questions, observes and examines a patient to assess their condition.

問診 もんしん

ENmedical interviewVIhỏi bệnh

Questioning a patient about symptoms, history and lifestyle as part of an examination.

問診票 もんしんひょう

ENmedical questionnaireVIphiếu hỏi bệnh

A form patients fill in about symptoms and history before seeing the doctor.

身体診察 しんたいしんさつ

ENphysical examinationVIkhám thực thể

Examining the body by inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation to find signs of disease.

視診 ししん

ENinspectionVInhìn (quan sát)

Examination by looking at shape, colour and movement of the body.

触診 しょくしん

ENpalpationVIsờ nắn

Examination by touch to feel masses, firmness or tenderness.

打診 だしん

ENpercussionVIgõ

Tapping the body surface and listening to the resulting sound.

聴診 ちょうしん

ENauscultationVInghe (bằng ống nghe)

Listening to heart, lung or bowel sounds with a stethoscope.

バイタルサイン

ENvital signsVIdấu hiệu sinh tồn

Basic measurements of body function: pulse, blood pressure, respiration, temperature and oxygen saturation.

体温 たいおん

ENbody temperatureVInhiệt độ cơ thể

The heat level of the body, usually measured at the armpit, mouth, ear or forehead.

血圧 けつあつ

ENblood pressureVIhuyết áp

The pressure of blood on artery walls, recorded as systolic and diastolic values.

脈拍 みゃくはく

ENpulseVImạch

The rhythmic beat felt over an artery, reflecting the heart rate.

呼吸数 こきゅうすう

ENrespiratory rateVInhịp thở

The number of breaths taken per minute.

酸素飽和度 さんそほうわど

ENoxygen saturationVIđộ bão hoà oxy (SpO2)

The percentage of haemoglobin carrying oxygen, usually measured with a finger pulse oximeter.

パルスオキシメーター

ENpulse oximeterVImáy đo SpO2

A clip-on device that measures oxygen saturation and pulse rate.

身体測定 しんたいそくてい

ENheight and weight measurementVIđo chiều cao cân nặng

Measuring height, weight and other basic body dimensions.

BMI ビーエムアイ

ENBMIVIchỉ số khối cơ thể (BMI)

Body Mass Index: weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared.

健康診断 けんこうしんだん

ENhealth checkupVIkhám sức khoẻ định kỳ

A routine general examination for early detection of disease, often employer-organised in Japan.

人間ドック にんげんドック

ENcomprehensive medical checkupVIkhám sức khoẻ tổng quát chuyên sâu

An extensive multi-test health screening package popular in Japan.

検診 けんしん

ENscreeningVItầm soát

Testing people without symptoms to detect a specific disease early.

診断 しんだん

ENdiagnosisVIchẩn đoán

Identifying a disease from examination and test results.

鑑別診断 かんべつしんだん

ENdifferential diagnosisVIchẩn đoán phân biệt

Distinguishing between diseases with similar features to narrow down the cause.

既往歴 きおうれき

ENmedical historyVItiền sử bệnh

Illnesses and operations a patient has had in the past.

家族歴 かぞくれき

ENfamily historyVItiền sử gia đình

Diseases occurring among a patient's relatives.

アレルギー歴 アレルギーれき

ENallergy historyVItiền sử dị ứng

Record of substances, drugs or foods a patient has reacted to.

検査 けんさ

ENlaboratory testVIxét nghiệm

Analysis of samples or body functions to support diagnosis.

血液検査 けつえきけんさ

ENblood testVIxét nghiệm máu

A test analysing components and values in a blood sample.

採血 さいけつ

ENblood samplingVIlấy máu

Drawing blood from a vein for testing.

血球算定 けっきゅうさんてい

ENcomplete blood countVIcông thức máu (CBC)

A test counting red cells, white cells and platelets and measuring haemoglobin.

血糖値 けっとうち

ENblood glucoseVIđường huyết

The concentration of glucose in the blood.

ヘモグロビンA1c ヘモグロビンエーワンシー

ENHbA1cVIHbA1c (đường huyết trung bình)

Glycated haemoglobin, reflecting average blood glucose over roughly one to two months.

肝機能検査 かんきのうけんさ

ENliver function testVIxét nghiệm chức năng gan

Blood tests such as AST, ALT and γ-GTP that assess the liver.

腎機能検査 じんきのうけんさ

ENkidney function testVIxét nghiệm chức năng thận

Tests such as creatinine and urea that assess kidney function.

コレステロール

ENcholesterolVIcholesterol (mỡ máu)

A blood lipid measured as LDL, HDL and total cholesterol.

尿検査 にょうけんさ

ENurinalysisVIxét nghiệm nước tiểu

Analysis of a urine sample for protein, sugar, blood and cells.

便検査 べんけんさ

ENstool testVIxét nghiệm phân

Analysis of a stool sample, e.g. for occult blood or parasites.

便潜血検査 べんせんけつけんさ

ENfecal occult blood testVIxét nghiệm máu ẩn trong phân

A test detecting invisible traces of blood in stool.

検体 けんたい

ENspecimenVIbệnh phẩm (mẫu xét nghiệm)

A sample such as blood, urine or tissue taken for testing.

培養検査 ばいようけんさ

ENculture testVInuôi cấy vi khuẩn

Growing a specimen to identify the causative microorganism.

PCR検査 ピーシーアールけんさ

ENPCR testVIxét nghiệm PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction test, amplifying genetic material to detect pathogens.

抗原検査 こうげんけんさ

ENrapid antigen testVItest nhanh kháng nguyên

A quick test detecting pathogen proteins with results in minutes.

生検 せいけん

ENbiopsyVIsinh thiết

Removing a small tissue sample for microscopic examination.

病理検査 びょうりけんさ

ENpathological examinationVIxét nghiệm giải phẫu bệnh

Microscopic study of tissue or cells to confirm a diagnosis.

細胞診 さいぼうしん

ENcytologyVIxét nghiệm tế bào học

Examining shed or aspirated cells for abnormalities.

画像検査 がぞうけんさ

ENimaging testVIchẩn đoán hình ảnh

Techniques producing images of the body's interior, such as X-ray, CT, MRI and ultrasound.

レントゲン

ENX-rayVIchụp X-quang

Imaging with X-rays to view bones, lungs and organs.

胸部X線 きょうぶエックスせん

ENchest X-rayVIchụp X-quang ngực

An X-ray of the chest, mainly to view the lungs and heart.

CT検査 シーティーけんさ

ENCT scanVIchụp CT (cắt lớp vi tính)

Computed Tomography: cross-sectional X-ray imaging reconstructed by computer.

MRI検査 エムアールアイけんさ

ENMRIVIchụp cộng hưởng từ (MRI)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging, using magnetic fields and radio waves.

超音波検査 ちょうおんぱけんさ

ENultrasoundVIsiêu âm

Imaging using high-frequency sound waves; often called 'echo' in Japan.

造影剤 ぞうえいざい

ENcontrast mediumVIthuốc cản quang

A substance given to make structures show more clearly on imaging.

マンモグラフィ

ENmammographyVIchụp nhũ ảnh

X-ray imaging of the breast for cancer screening.

PET検査 ペットけんさ

ENPET scanVIchụp PET

Positron Emission Tomography, imaging metabolic activity with a radioactive tracer.

心電図 しんでんず

ENelectrocardiogramVIđiện tâm đồ (ECG)

A recording of the heart's electrical activity.

ホルター心電図 ホルターしんでんず

ENHolter monitorVIHolter điện tâm đồ 24 giờ

A portable device recording the ECG continuously for about 24 hours.

心エコー しんエコー

ENechocardiographyVIsiêu âm tim

Ultrasound examination of heart structure and function.

脳波検査 のうはけんさ

ENelectroencephalogramVIđiện não đồ (EEG)

A recording of the brain's electrical activity.

呼吸機能検査 こきゅうきのうけんさ

ENpulmonary function testVIđo chức năng hô hấp

Measuring lung volumes and airflow.

内視鏡検査 ないしきょうけんさ

ENendoscopyVInội soi

Viewing inside the body with a camera-tipped tube.

胃カメラ いカメラ

ENgastroscopyVInội soi dạ dày

Endoscopy of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum via mouth or nose.

大腸内視鏡検査 だいちょうないしきょうけんさ

ENcolonoscopyVInội soi đại tràng

Endoscopic examination of the whole colon through the anus.

バリウム検査 バリウムけんさ

ENbarium swallowVIchụp dạ dày cản quang barium

X-ray of the stomach after drinking barium, common in Japanese checkups.

骨密度検査 こつみつどけんさ

ENbone density testVIđo mật độ xương

Measuring bone mineral density to assess osteoporosis.

聴力検査 ちょうりょくけんさ

ENhearing testVIđo thính lực

Testing the ability to hear sounds at various frequencies.

視力検査 しりょくけんさ

ENvisual acuity testVIđo thị lực

Testing how clearly a person can see at a set distance.

眼圧検査 がんあつけんさ

ENintraocular pressure testVIđo nhãn áp

Measuring pressure inside the eye, used to screen for glaucoma.

絶食 ぜっしょく

ENfastingVInhịn ăn (trước xét nghiệm)

Not eating for a set period before a test or procedure.

基準値 きじゅんち

ENnormal rangeVIkhoảng tham chiếu

The range of values considered normal for a test.

異常所見 いじょうしょけん

ENabnormal findingVIkết quả bất thường

A result or sign that deviates from normal.

再検査 さいけんさ

ENre-examinationVItái khám / khám lại

Repeat testing after an earlier result raised concern.

精密検査 せいみつけんさ

ENdetailed examinationVIkhám chuyên sâu (khám kỹ)

Further, more detailed testing after a screening abnormality.

検査結果 けんさけっか

ENtest resultsVIkết quả xét nghiệm

The findings obtained from a test.

陽性 ようせい

ENpositiveVIdương tính

A result showing the target substance or pathogen is present.

陰性 いんせい

ENnegativeVIâm tính

A result showing the target substance or pathogen was not detected.

偽陽性 ぎようせい

ENfalse positiveVIdương tính giả

A positive result in someone who does not have the condition.

処置 しょち

ENprocedureVIthủ thuật

A treatment action such as dressing, suturing or wound cleaning.

注射 ちゅうしゃ

ENinjectionVItiêm

Delivering a drug into the body with a needle.

点滴 てんてき

ENintravenous dripVItruyền dịch

Slow delivery of fluid or medicine into a vein.

予防接種 よぼうせっしゅ

ENvaccinationVItiêm chủng

Giving a vaccine to build immunity against disease.

縫合 ほうごう

ENsutureVIkhâu vết thương

Closing a wound or incision with stitches.

手術 しゅじゅつ

ENsurgeryVIphẫu thuật

Treatment by operating with instruments on tissues or organs.

麻酔 ますい

ENanesthesiaVIgây mê / gây tê

Loss of pain sensation, either general or local, induced for procedures.

カテーテル検査 カテーテルけんさ

ENcatheterizationVIđặt ống thông

Inserting a thin tube into a vessel or organ for diagnosis or treatment.

インフォームド・コンセント

ENinformed consentVIđồng ý sau khi được giải thích

A patient's agreement to treatment after full explanation of it.

紹介状 しょうかいじょう

ENreferral letterVIgiấy chuyển viện

A doctor's letter introducing a patient to another facility.

診断書 しんだんしょ

ENmedical certificateVIgiấy chứng nhận y tế

A doctor's written statement of diagnosis for work or insurance.

薬 くすり

ENmedicineVIthuốc

A substance used to prevent, diagnose or treat disease.

処方箋 しょほうせん

ENprescriptionVIđơn thuốc

A doctor's written order specifying drugs and directions for a pharmacist.

処方薬 しょほうやく

ENprescription drugVIthuốc kê đơn

A drug dispensed only with a doctor's prescription.

市販薬 しはんやく

ENover-the-counter drugVIthuốc không kê đơn

A drug sold without a prescription (OTC).

薬局 やっきょく

ENpharmacyVInhà thuốc

A place where pharmacists dispense and sell medicines.

調剤薬局 ちょうざいやっきょく

ENdispensing pharmacyVInhà thuốc cấp phát theo đơn

A Japanese pharmacy specialising in filling prescriptions.

ドラッグストア

ENdrugstoreVIhiệu thuốc (drugstore)

A store selling OTC drugs, cosmetics and daily goods.

薬剤師 やくざいし

ENpharmacistVIdược sĩ

A licensed professional who dispenses drugs and advises on their use.

調剤 ちょうざい

ENdispensingVIcấp phát / pha chế thuốc

Preparing medicines according to a prescription.

お薬手帳 おくすりてちょう

ENmedication notebookVIsổ tay thuốc

A booklet recording a patient's medication history, widely used in Japan.

ジェネリック医薬品 ジェネリックいやくひん

ENgeneric drugVIthuốc generic

A drug with the same active ingredient as a brand drug, made after patent expiry.

先発医薬品 せんぱついやくひん

ENbrand-name drugVIthuốc biệt dược gốc

The original drug marketed by the company that developed it.

有効成分 ゆうこうせいぶん

ENactive ingredientVIhoạt chất

The component of a drug that produces its therapeutic effect.

剤形 ざいけい

ENdosage formVIdạng bào chế

The physical form of a drug, such as tablet, powder, syrup or ointment.

錠剤 じょうざい

ENtabletVIviên nén

A solid drug pressed from powder.

カプセル

ENcapsuleVIviên nang

A drug enclosed in a gelatin shell.

散剤 さんざい

ENpowderVIthuốc bột

A drug in fine powder form.

顆粒 かりゅう

ENgranulesVIthuốc cốm

A drug in small grains, easier to take than powder.

シロップ

ENsyrupVIsiro

A sweet liquid medicine, often for children.

軟膏 なんこう

ENointmentVIthuốc mỡ

A greasy semi-solid preparation applied to the skin.

クリーム

ENcreamVIkem bôi

A topical preparation less greasy than ointment.

点眼薬 てんがんやく

ENeye dropsVIthuốc nhỏ mắt

Liquid medicine applied directly into the eye.

点鼻薬 てんびやく

ENnasal sprayVIthuốc xịt mũi

Medicine sprayed or dropped into the nose.

坐薬 ざやく

ENsuppositoryVIthuốc đặt (viên đạn)

A drug inserted into the rectum or vagina that melts at body temperature.

貼付剤 ちょうふざい

ENpatchVImiếng dán

A drug applied as an adhesive patch on the skin, including Japanese shippu.

湿布 しっぷ

ENpoulticeVIcao dán (湿布)

A pain-relief compress applied over a sore area.

吸入薬 きゅうにゅうやく

ENinhalerVIthuốc hít

Medicine delivered to the lungs by inhalation.

注射薬 ちゅうしゃやく

ENinjectableVIthuốc tiêm

A drug given by injection.

内服薬 ないふくやく

ENoral medicationVIthuốc uống

A drug taken by mouth.

外用薬 がいようやく

ENtopical medicationVIthuốc dùng ngoài

A drug applied to the body surface.

漢方薬 かんぽうやく

ENChinese herbal medicineVIthuốc Đông y (Kampo)

Traditional herbal medicine, called Kampo in Japan and covered by insurance.

鎮痛剤 ちんつうざい

ENpainkillerVIthuốc giảm đau

A class of drugs that relieve pain.

解熱剤 げねつざい

ENantipyreticVIthuốc hạ sốt

A drug that lowers fever.

非ステロイド性抗炎症薬 ひステロイドせいこうえんしょうやく

ENNSAIDVIthuốc chống viêm không steroid (NSAID)

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, used for pain and inflammation.

抗生物質 こうせいぶっしつ

ENantibioticVIkháng sinh

A drug that kills or inhibits bacteria.

抗ウイルス薬 こうウイルスやく

ENantiviral drugVIthuốc kháng virus

A drug that inhibits viral replication.

抗真菌薬 こうしんきんやく

ENantifungal drugVIthuốc kháng nấm

A drug used against fungal infections.

抗ヒスタミン薬 こうヒスタミンやく

ENantihistamineVIthuốc kháng histamin

An anti-allergy drug that blocks histamine.

風邪薬 かぜぐすり

ENcold medicineVIthuốc cảm

Medicine relieving cold symptoms such as fever, cough and congestion.

咳止め せきどめ

ENcough medicineVIthuốc ho

Medicine that suppresses cough.

去痰薬 きょたんやく

ENexpectorantVIthuốc long đờm

A drug that loosens and helps clear phlegm.

胃薬 いぐすり

ENantacidVIthuốc kháng axit / thuốc dạ dày

Medicine that reduces stomach acid or discomfort.

下剤 げざい

ENlaxativeVIthuốc nhuận tràng

A drug that promotes bowel movements.

下痢止め げりどめ

ENantidiarrhealVIthuốc cầm tiêu chảy

A drug that reduces diarrhoea.

制吐剤 せいとざい

ENantiemeticVIthuốc chống nôn

A drug that prevents nausea and vomiting.

降圧剤 こうあつざい

ENantihypertensiveVIthuốc hạ huyết áp

A drug that lowers blood pressure.

利尿剤 りにょうざい

ENdiureticVIthuốc lợi tiểu

A drug that increases urine output.

抗凝固薬 こうぎょうこやく

ENanticoagulantVIthuốc chống đông máu

A drug that reduces blood clotting.

糖尿病治療薬 とうにょうびょうちりょうやく

ENantidiabetic drugVIthuốc điều trị đái tháo đường

Drugs that help control blood glucose.

インスリン

ENinsulinVIinsulin

A glucose-lowering hormone given by injection.

ステロイド

ENsteroidVIthuốc steroid (corticoid)

Potent anti-inflammatory drugs based on adrenal cortex hormones.

睡眠薬 すいみんやく

ENsleeping pillVIthuốc ngủ

A drug that helps a person sleep.

鎮静剤 ちんせいざい

ENsedativeVIthuốc an thần

A drug that calms and reduces nervous excitement.

抗うつ薬 こううつやく

ENantidepressantVIthuốc chống trầm cảm

A drug used to treat depression.

ビタミン剤 ビタミンざい

ENvitamin supplementVIthuốc bổ sung vitamin

A preparation supplying vitamins.

ワクチン

ENvaccineVIvắc-xin

A preparation that stimulates immunity.

消毒薬 しょうどくやく

ENdisinfectantVIthuốc sát trùng

A substance that kills microbes on skin or objects.

副作用 ふくさよう

ENside effectVItác dụng phụ

An unwanted effect other than the intended therapeutic one.

薬物アレルギー やくぶつアレルギー

ENdrug allergyVIdị ứng thuốc

An abnormal immune reaction to a drug.

相互作用 そうごさよう

ENdrug interactionVItương tác thuốc

Effects that occur when drugs taken together influence each other.

禁忌 きんき

ENcontraindicationVIchống chỉ định

A condition in which a drug or treatment must not be used.

適応 てきおう

ENindicationVIchỉ định

The condition a drug is approved to treat.

効能 こうのう

ENefficacyVIhiệu quả (công dụng)

The therapeutic effect of a drug.

用法・用量 ようほう・ようりょう

ENdosage and administrationVIliều dùng và cách dùng

The section stating how and how much of a drug to take.

添付文書 てんぷぶんしょ

ENpackage insertVItờ hướng dẫn sử dụng

The official document with a drug's uses, directions and side effects.

食前 しょくぜん

ENbefore mealsVItrước bữa ăn

Taken about 30 minutes before eating.

食後 しょくご

ENafter mealsVIsau bữa ăn

Taken within about 30 minutes after eating.

食間 しょっかん

ENbetween mealsVIgiữa hai bữa ăn

Taken about two hours after a meal, not during it.

就寝前 しゅうしんまえ

ENat bedtimeVItrước khi ngủ

Taken before going to sleep.

頓服 とんぷく

ENas neededVIkhi cần

Taken only when symptoms occur rather than on a schedule.

一包化 いっぽうか

ENone-dose packageVIđóng gói theo liều

Packing all drugs for one dosing time into a single sachet.

服薬遵守 ふくやくじゅんしゅ

ENmedication adherenceVItuân thủ dùng thuốc

A patient's taking of medicine as directed.

服薬介助 ふくやくかいじょ

ENmedication assistanceVIhỗ trợ uống thuốc

Helping a patient take medicine correctly, as a caregiving task.

使用期限 しようきげん

ENexpiration dateVIhạn sử dụng

The date until which a drug's quality is guaranteed.

保管方法 ほかんほうほう

ENstorage conditionsVIđiều kiện bảo quản

Required temperature, light and humidity for keeping a drug.

麻薬 まやく

ENnarcoticVIthuốc gây nghiện (ma tuý)

Strong analgesics strictly controlled by law.

薬理学 やくりがく

ENpharmacologyVIdược lý học

The study of how drugs act on the body.

製薬会社 せいやくがいしゃ

ENpharmaceutical companyVIcông ty dược

A company that researches, makes and sells drugs.

治験 ちけん

ENclinical trialVIthử nghiệm lâm sàng

Testing a new drug in humans for efficacy and safety.

プラセボ

ENplaceboVIgiả dược

An inactive substance used as a control in trials.

薬価 やっか

ENdrug priceVIgiá thuốc

The government-set price of a drug under Japanese health insurance.

調剤料 ちょうざいりょう

ENprescription feeVIphí kê đơn / phí cấp phát

The fee a pharmacy charges for filling a prescription.

病院 びょういん

ENhospitalVIbệnh viện

A medical facility with inpatient beds; in Japan, 20 or more.

診療所 しんりょうじょ

ENclinicVIphòng khám

A small medical facility, often called a clinic or iin in Japan.

総合病院 そうごうびょういん

ENgeneral hospitalVIbệnh viện đa khoa

A hospital with many specialist departments.

大学病院 だいがくびょういん

ENuniversity hospitalVIbệnh viện đại học

A hospital attached to a medical school.

受付 うけつけ

ENreceptionVIquầy tiếp nhận

The desk where patients register and present insurance cards.

保険証 ほけんしょう

ENhealth insurance cardVIthẻ bảo hiểm y tế

A card proving health insurance coverage, shown at each visit.

診察券 しんさつけん

ENpatient registration cardVIthẻ khám bệnh

A hospital-issued card patients use on return visits.

初診 しょしん

ENfirst visitVIkhám lần đầu

A patient's first consultation at a facility for a condition.

再診 さいしん

ENfollow-up visitVItái khám

A subsequent consultation after the first visit.

予約 よやく

ENappointmentVIlịch hẹn khám

A pre-booked time for consultation.

外来 がいらい

ENoutpatientVIbệnh nhân ngoại trú

A patient treated without admission; also the outpatient department.

入院患者 にゅういんかんじゃ

ENinpatientVIbệnh nhân nội trú

A patient staying in hospital for treatment.

入院 にゅういん

ENhospitalizationVInhập viện

Admission to hospital for treatment.

退院 たいいん

ENdischargeVIxuất viện

Leaving hospital after an inpatient stay.

救急外来 きゅうきゅうがいらい

ENemergency departmentVIkhoa cấp cứu

The area receiving emergency patients.

救急車 きゅうきゅうしゃ

ENambulanceVIxe cấp cứu

A vehicle transporting emergency patients; dial 119 in Japan.

集中治療室 しゅうちゅうちりょうしつ

ENintensive care unitVIphòng hồi sức tích cực (ICU)

A unit for critically ill patients needing constant monitoring.

内科 ないか

ENinternal medicineVIkhoa nội

The specialty treating disease without surgery.

外科 げか

ENsurgery departmentVIkhoa ngoại

The specialty treating disease by operation.

小児科 しょうにか

ENpediatricsVIkhoa nhi

The specialty caring for children.

産婦人科 さんふじんか

ENobstetrics and gynecologyVIkhoa sản phụ

The specialty for pregnancy, childbirth and women's health.

整形外科 せいけいげか

ENorthopedicsVIkhoa chỉnh hình

The specialty for bones, joints and muscles.

眼科 がんか

ENophthalmologyVIkhoa mắt

The specialty for the eyes.

耳鼻咽喉科 じびいんこうか

ENotolaryngologyVIkhoa tai mũi họng

The specialty for ear, nose and throat.

皮膚科 ひふか

ENdermatologyVIkhoa da liễu

The specialty for the skin.

精神科 せいしんか

ENpsychiatryVIkhoa tâm thần

The specialty for mental illness.

歯科 しか

ENdentistryVInha khoa

The specialty for teeth and mouth.

リハビリテーション

ENrehabilitationVIphục hồi chức năng

Activities helping patients regain movement and daily functions.

病棟 びょうとう

ENwardVIkhu điều trị nội trú (khoa phòng)

A hospital unit housing inpatient rooms.

病室 びょうしつ

ENhospital roomVIphòng bệnh

A room where inpatients stay.

ナースステーション

ENnurse stationVIphòng trực điều dưỡng

The central workstation for nurses on a ward.

手術室 しゅじゅつしつ

ENoperating roomVIphòng mổ

A room where surgery is performed.

医師 いし

ENdoctorVIbác sĩ

A licensed medical practitioner.

主治医 しゅじい

ENattending physicianVIbác sĩ điều trị chính

The doctor primarily responsible for a patient.

看護師 かんごし

ENnurseVIđiều dưỡng (y tá)

A licensed professional who cares for patients and assists treatment.

看護師長 かんごしちょう

ENhead nurseVIđiều dưỡng trưởng

The nurse who manages nursing staff on a ward.

看護助手 かんごじょしゅ

ENassistant nurseVItrợ lý điều dưỡng

Staff helping nurses with hygiene, transport and meals.

助産師 じょさんし

ENmidwifeVInữ hộ sinh

A professional who assists childbirth and cares for mother and baby.

理学療法士 りがくりょうほうし

ENphysical therapistVIkỹ thuật viên vật lý trị liệu

A professional restoring movement through exercise and physical therapy (PT).

作業療法士 さぎょうりょうほうし

ENoccupational therapistVIkỹ thuật viên hoạt động trị liệu

A professional restoring daily-living skills through activities (OT).

医療ソーシャルワーカー いりょうソーシャルワーカー

ENmedical social workerVInhân viên công tác xã hội y tế

A worker advising patients on costs, welfare and discharge.

介護職員 かいごしょくいん

ENcare workerVInhân viên chăm sóc (điều dưỡng viên)

A person supporting the daily life of elderly or disabled people.

介護福祉士 かいごふくしし

ENcertified care workerVInhân viên chăm sóc có chứng chỉ quốc gia

A Japanese national qualification for care workers.

ケアマネジャー

ENcare managerVIchuyên viên lập kế hoạch chăm sóc

A professional who drafts care plans under long-term care insurance.

介護 かいご

ENnursing careVIchăm sóc (kaigo)

Support with daily activities for people who need assistance.

看護 かんご

ENnursingVIđiều dưỡng

Care for patients' physical and emotional needs.

介護保険 かいごほけん

ENlong-term care insuranceVIbảo hiểm chăm sóc dài hạn

Japan's insurance covering elderly care services.

要介護認定 ようかいごにんてい

ENcare level certificationVIchứng nhận mức độ cần chăm sóc

Assessment of required care level for long-term care insurance.

特別養護老人ホーム とくべつようごろうじんホーム

ENnursing homeVIviện dưỡng lão đặc biệt

A public residential facility for elderly people needing intensive care.

デイサービス

ENday serviceVIdịch vụ chăm sóc ban ngày

A service where elderly people attend a facility by day and return home.

訪問介護 ほうもんかいご

ENhome-visit careVIchăm sóc tại nhà

Care staff visiting homes to support daily living.

訪問看護 ほうもんかんご

ENvisiting nursingVIđiều dưỡng tại nhà

Nurses providing medical care in patients' homes.

ケアプラン

ENcare planVIkế hoạch chăm sóc

An individual plan of care services.

介護記録 かいごきろく

ENcare recordVIghi chép chăm sóc

A daily record of a resident's condition and care given.

看護記録 かんごきろく

ENnursing recordVIhồ sơ điều dưỡng

Nurses' documentation of observation and care.

カルテ

ENmedical recordVIbệnh án (hồ sơ bệnh án)

The record of a patient's examinations and treatment.

申し送り もうしおくり

ENhandoverVIbàn giao ca

Passing on patient information at shift change.

夜勤 やきん

ENnight shiftVIca đêm

A work shift during the night.

回診 かいしん

ENward roundVIđi buồng

A doctor's visit to each inpatient in turn.

食事介助 しょくじかいじょ

ENmeal assistanceVIhỗ trợ ăn uống

Helping a person eat and drink safely.

排泄介助 はいせつかいじょ

ENtoileting assistanceVIhỗ trợ vệ sinh (đi vệ sinh)

Helping a person use the toilet or change diapers.

入浴介助 にゅうよくかいじょ

ENbathing assistanceVIhỗ trợ tắm

Helping a person bathe.

清拭 せいしき

ENbed bathVIlau người

Cleaning the body of a person who cannot bathe with a damp towel.

口腔ケア こうくうケア

ENoral careVIvệ sinh răng miệng

Cleaning teeth, tongue and mouth to prevent aspiration pneumonia.

更衣介助 こういかいじょ

ENchanging clothes assistanceVIhỗ trợ thay quần áo

Helping a person dress and change clothes.

移乗介助 いじょうかいじょ

ENtransfer assistanceVIhỗ trợ di chuyển (chuyển chỗ)

Helping move a person between bed and wheelchair.

体位変換 たいいへんかん

ENrepositioningVIthay đổi tư thế (trở mình)

Changing a bedridden person's position to prevent pressure sores.

褥瘡 じょくそう

ENpressure ulcerVIloét tì đè

Skin damage from prolonged pressure, also called bedsore.

転倒予防 てんとうよぼう

ENfall preventionVIphòng ngã

Measures to stop patients or elderly people from falling.

車椅子 くるまいす

ENwheelchairVIxe lăn

A wheeled chair for people with limited mobility.

歩行器 ほこうき

ENwalkerVIkhung tập đi

A frame that supports a person while walking.

介護ベッド かいごベッド

ENcare bedVIgiường chăm sóc

An adjustable bed for people receiving care.

おむつ

ENadult diaperVItã người lớn

A diaper for adults with incontinence.

ナースコール

ENnurse callVIchuông gọi điều dưỡng

A button patients press to summon a nurse.

誤嚥 ごえん

ENaspirationVIhít sặc

Food or liquid entering the airway instead of the oesophagus.

とろみ

ENthickened liquidVIđồ uống làm sánh

Liquid thickened so people with swallowing difficulty can drink safely.

吸引 きゅういん

ENsuctioningVIhút đờm

Removing secretions from mouth, nose or airway with suction.

経管栄養 けいかんえいよう

ENtube feedingVInuôi ăn qua ống

Delivering nutrition through a tube into the stomach or intestine.

標準予防策 ひょうじゅんよぼうさく

ENstandard precautionsVIphòng ngừa chuẩn

Infection-control measures applied to all patients.

手指衛生 しゅしえいせい

ENhand hygieneVIvệ sinh tay

Hand washing or sanitising to prevent infection.

院内感染 いんないかんせん

ENnosocomial infectionVInhiễm khuẩn bệnh viện

An infection acquired during a hospital stay.

ヒヤリ・ハット報告 ヒヤリ・ハットほうこく

ENincident reportVIbáo cáo sự cố (hiyari-hatto)

A report of near-miss events to prevent accidents.

面会時間 めんかいじかん

ENvisiting hoursVIgiờ thăm bệnh

The time when visitors may see patients.

医療費 いりょうひ

ENmedical expensesVIchi phí y tế

The cost of medical care paid by a patient.

高額療養費制度 こうがくりょうようひせいど

ENhigh-cost medical expense benefitVIchế độ chi phí y tế cao

A Japanese insurance scheme refunding medical costs above a monthly cap.