Logistics & trade dictionary

freight

JA運賃 うんちんVIcước vận chuyển

The charge paid to a carrier for transporting goods from origin to destination.

shipment

JA貨物 かもつVIlô hàng

A quantity of goods dispatched together under one set of transport documents.

carrier

JA運送人 うんそうにんVIngười vận chuyển, hãng tàu

A company that physically transports goods, such as a shipping line, airline or trucker.

shipper

JA荷送人 におくりにんVIngười gửi hàng (shipper)

The party that hands goods to the carrier and is named as sender on the documents.

consignee

JA荷受人 にうけにんVIngười nhận hàng (consignee)

The party named on the transport document to receive the goods at destination.

freight forwarder

JAフォワーダーVIcông ty giao nhận (forwarder)

A firm that arranges transport, bookings and documentation on behalf of shippers.

NVOCC

JA非船舶運航業者 ひせんぱくうんこうぎょうしゃVIngười vận chuyển không tàu (NVOCC)

Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier: a carrier issuing its own bills of lading without operating ships.

shipping line

JA船会社 ふながいしゃVIhãng tàu

A company operating ocean vessels that carry containers or cargo on regular routes.

booking

JAブッキングVIđặt chỗ (booking)

Reserving space on a vessel or aircraft for a shipment before departure.

booking confirmation

JAブッキング確認書 ブッキングかくにんしょVIxác nhận đặt chỗ

A carrier's notice confirming space, booking number, vessel and cut-off times.

container

JAコンテナVIcông-te-nơ (container)

A standardized steel box used to hold and move cargo across transport modes.

TEU

JATEU ティーイーユーVITEU (đơn vị container 20 feet)

Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit: a capacity measure equal to one 20-foot container.

FCL

JAFCL貨物 エフシーエルかもつVIhàng nguyên container (FCL)

Full Container Load: one shipper's cargo occupying an entire container.

LCL

JALCL貨物 エルシーエルかもつVIhàng lẻ (LCL)

Less than Container Load: small cargo consolidated with other shippers' goods in one container.

consolidation

JA混載 こんさいVIgom hàng

Combining several small shipments from different shippers into one container or load.

CFS

JACFS シーエフエスVIkho hàng lẻ (CFS)

Container Freight Station: a facility where LCL cargo is packed into or unpacked from containers.

CY

JAコンテナヤードVIbãi container (CY)

Container Yard: a port area where containers are stored, received and delivered.

reefer container

JAリーファーコンテナVIcontainer lạnh

A refrigerated container for temperature-sensitive cargo such as food or pharmaceuticals.

dry container

JAドライコンテナVIcontainer khô (thường)

The most common enclosed container, used for general dry cargo.

open top container

JAオープントップコンテナVIcontainer mở nóc

A container without a rigid roof, for tall cargo loaded by crane from above.

flat rack container

JAフラットラックコンテナVIcontainer mặt bằng (flat rack)

A container with only a floor and end walls, for oversized or heavy machinery.

container seal

JAコンテナシールVIseal (chì) container

A numbered seal fixed on container doors to show it has not been opened.

vessel

JA本船 ほんせんVItàu

The specific ship carrying the cargo, recorded with its voyage number on documents.

voyage number

JA航海番号 こうかいばんごうVIsố chuyến tàu

The code identifying a particular sailing of a vessel on its route.

feeder vessel

JAフィーダー船 フィーダーせんVItàu gom (feeder)

A small ship carrying containers between minor ports and major hub ports.

mother vessel

JA本船（母船） ほんせん（ぼせん）VItàu mẹ

A large container ship serving main trunk routes between hub ports.

transshipment

JA積み替え つみかえVIchuyển tải

Unloading cargo from one vessel or vehicle and reloading onto another en route.

port of loading

JA船積港 ふなづみこうVIcảng xếp hàng (POL)

The port where cargo is loaded onto the vessel, abbreviated POL.

port of discharge

JA荷揚港 にあげこうVIcảng dỡ hàng (POD)

The port where cargo is unloaded from the vessel, abbreviated POD.

final destination

JA最終仕向地 さいしゅうしむけちVInơi đến cuối cùng

The ultimate place of delivery, which may lie inland beyond the port.

ETD

JA出港予定日 しゅっこうよていびVIngày dự kiến khởi hành (ETD)

Estimated Time of Departure: the expected departure time of a vessel or flight.

ETA

JA入港予定日 にゅうこうよていびVIngày dự kiến đến (ETA)

Estimated Time of Arrival: the expected arrival time of a vessel or flight.

cut-off time

JAカットタイムVIgiờ cắt máng (cut-off)

The deadline for delivering containers or documents to make the booked sailing.

transit time

JA輸送日数 ゆそうにっすうVIthời gian vận chuyển

The number of days cargo takes to travel from origin to destination.

sailing schedule

JA配船スケジュール はいせんスケジュールVIlịch tàu

A timetable of departures and port calls for vessels on a route.

demurrage

JAデマレージVIphí lưu container tại bãi (DEM)

A charge for keeping a container at the port beyond the free time.

detention

JAディテンションVIphí lưu vỏ container (DET)

A charge for holding a container outside the port beyond the allowed period.

free time

JAフリータイムVIthời gian miễn phí

The period during which container use or storage incurs no charge.

THC

JAターミナル取扱料 ターミナルとりあつかいりょうVIphí xếp dỡ tại cảng (THC)

Terminal Handling Charge: the fee for handling containers at the port terminal.

BAF

JA燃料油割増料 ねんりょうゆわりましりょうVIphụ phí nhiên liệu (BAF)

Bunker Adjustment Factor: a surcharge offsetting changes in ship fuel prices.

surcharge

JA割増料金 わりましりょうきんVIphụ phí

An extra charge added to the base freight, such as peak-season or fuel fees.

freight prepaid

JA運賃前払い うんちんまえばらいVIcước trả trước

Freight paid by the shipper at origin.

freight collect

JA運賃着払い うんちんちゃくばらいVIcước trả sau

Freight paid by the consignee at destination.

arrival notice

JA到着案内 とうちゃくあんないVIthông báo hàng đến

A notice sent to the consignee that cargo is arriving at the port.

delivery order

JA荷渡指図書 にわたしさしずしょVIlệnh giao hàng (D/O)

A document authorizing the consignee to collect cargo or containers at the port.

air waybill

JA航空運送状 こうくううんそうじょうVIvận đơn hàng không (AWB)

A non-negotiable transport document for air cargo, abbreviated AWB.

house bill of lading

JAハウスB/L ハウスビーエルVIvận đơn nhà (HBL)

A bill of lading issued by a forwarder to the shipper, abbreviated HBL.

master bill of lading

JAマスターB/L マスタービーエルVIvận đơn chủ (MBL)

A bill of lading issued by the shipping line to the forwarder, abbreviated MBL.

surrendered bill of lading

JAサレンダーB/L サレンダービーエルVIvận đơn surrender (điện giao hàng)

A B/L whose originals are surrendered at origin so cargo is released without them.

sea waybill

JA海上運送状 かいじょううんそうじょうVIgiấy gửi hàng đường biển

A non-negotiable sea transport document; the named consignee can take delivery.

shipping instruction

JA船積指示書 ふなづみしじしょVIhướng dẫn làm vận đơn (SI)

Details the shipper sends to the carrier for issuing the bill of lading.

gross weight

JA総重量 そうじゅうりょうVItrọng lượng cả bì

The total weight of goods including packaging.

chargeable weight

JA賃率適用重量 ちんりつてきようじゅうりょうVItrọng lượng tính cước

The greater of actual and volumetric weight, used to calculate freight.

volumetric weight

JA容積重量 ようせきじゅうりょうVItrọng lượng thể tích

A weight derived from package dimensions using the carrier's conversion factor.

CBM

JA立方メートル りっぽうメートルVImét khối (CBM)

Cubic Meter: the volume unit used to rate LCL cargo.

multimodal transport

JA複合一貫輸送 ふくごういっかんゆそうVIvận tải đa phương thức

Moving goods by at least two modes under a single contract.

trucking

JA陸送 りくそうVIvận tải đường bộ (trucking)

Moving cargo or containers by truck on roads.

drayage

JAドレージVIkéo container chặng ngắn

Short-distance trucking of containers between port, depot and premises.

last mile delivery

JAラストワンマイル配送 ラストワンマイルはいそうVIgiao hàng chặng cuối

The final leg of delivery from a distribution hub to the end recipient.

proof of delivery

JA配達証明 はいたつしょうめいVIbằng chứng giao hàng (POD)

A signature or record confirming the recipient received the goods.

dangerous goods

JA危険物 きけんぶつVIhàng nguy hiểm (DG)

Goods hazardous in transport that must be declared and packed under regulations.

out of gauge cargo

JA規格外貨物 きかくがいかもつVIhàng quá khổ (OOG)

Cargo exceeding standard container dimensions, needing special equipment.

bulk cargo

JAバラ積み貨物 バラづみかもつVIhàng rời

Unpackaged cargo such as coal, ore or grain loaded directly into holds.

cargo insurance

JA貨物保険 かもつほけんVIbảo hiểm hàng hoá

Insurance covering loss of or damage to goods during transit.

track and trace

JA貨物追跡 かもつついせきVItheo dõi hành trình hàng

Checking a shipment's location and status by B/L or container number.

warehouse

JA倉庫 そうこVIkho hàng

A building used to store, protect and dispatch goods.

inventory

JA在庫 ざいこVIhàng tồn kho

All goods and materials a company holds in stock.

stocktaking

JA棚卸し たなおろしVIkiểm kê kho

Physically counting stock to reconcile it with recorded figures.

cycle counting

JA循環棚卸 じゅんかんたなおろしVIkiểm kê luân phiên

Counting portions of stock on a rotating schedule without a full shutdown.

SKU

JASKU（在庫管理単位） エスケーユー（ざいこかんりたんい）VImã hàng (SKU)

Stock Keeping Unit: a code identifying each distinct product variant.

receiving

JA入荷 にゅうかVInhận hàng nhập kho

Accepting goods into the warehouse and checking quantity and condition.

goods receipt

JA入庫伝票 にゅうこでんぴょうVIphiếu nhập kho

A document recording that goods have been taken into stock.

goods issue

JA出庫 しゅっこVIxuất kho

Removing goods from stock for delivery, production or transfer.

put-away

JA格納 かくのうVIcất hàng lên kệ

Moving received goods to their assigned storage locations.

picking

JAピッキングVIlấy hàng (picking)

Retrieving the right items and quantities from storage to fill orders.

picking list

JAピッキングリストVIdanh sách lấy hàng

A list of items, quantities and locations a picker must collect.

batch picking

JAトータルピッキングVIlấy hàng theo lô

Picking items for several orders at once, then sorting them by order.

packing

JA梱包 こんぽうVIđóng gói

Placing goods in packaging to protect them during transport.

packing list

JAパッキングリストVIphiếu đóng gói (packing list)

A document listing packages, contents, weights and dimensions of a shipment.

shipping mark

JA荷印 にじるしVIký mã hiệu

Markings on packages identifying consignee, package number and destination.

pallet

JAパレットVIpallet

A wooden or plastic platform for stacking goods moved by forklift.

palletizing

JAパレタイズVIxếp hàng lên pallet

Stacking and securing packages on a pallet as a stable unit.

forklift

JAフォークリフトVIxe nâng

A truck with forks for lifting and moving pallets.

racking

JAラックVIhệ thống kệ (giá kệ)

Multi-level shelving structures for storing goods and pallets.

storage location

JAロケーションVIvị trí lưu kho

A coded slot in the warehouse where an item is stored.

slotting

JAスロッティングVIbố trí vị trí hàng

Assigning item locations by pick frequency to cut travel time.

FIFO

JA先入れ先出し さきいれさきだしVInhập trước xuất trước (FIFO)

First In, First Out: the oldest stock is issued first.

FEFO

JA先期限先出し さききげんさきだしVIhết hạn trước xuất trước (FEFO)

First Expired, First Out: stock with the nearest expiry is issued first.

lot number

JAロット番号 ロットばんごうVIsố lô

A code identifying a batch produced together, used for traceability.

traceability

JAトレーサビリティVItruy xuất nguồn gốc

The ability to track an item's history and location from source to user.

barcode

JAバーコードVImã vạch

A pattern of bars encoding product data, read by a scanner.

handheld terminal

JAハンディターミナルVImáy quét cầm tay (PDA)

A handheld device that scans barcodes and updates stock data in real time.

RFID

JARFID（無線ICタグ） アールエフアイディー（むせんアイシータグ）VInhận dạng tần số vô tuyến (RFID)

Radio Frequency Identification: tagging items with radio chips for contactless identification.

WMS

JA倉庫管理システム そうこかんりシステムVIhệ thống quản lý kho (WMS)

Warehouse Management System: software controlling receipts, locations, picking and stock.

TMS

JA輸配送管理システム ゆはいそうかんりシステムVIhệ thống quản lý vận tải (TMS)

Transportation Management System: software for planning, dispatching and tracking freight.

safety stock

JA安全在庫 あんぜんざいこVItồn kho an toàn

Buffer stock held to avoid shortages from demand or supply variability.

reorder point

JA発注点 はっちゅうてんVIđiểm đặt hàng lại

The stock level at which a replenishment order is triggered.

stockout

JA欠品 けっぴんVIhết hàng (thiếu hàng)

Having no stock available to meet orders or demand.

backorder

JA入荷待ち注文 にゅうかまちちゅうもんVIđơn hàng chờ (nợ hàng)

An order accepted but not yet filled due to lack of stock.

dead stock

JA不動在庫 ふどうざいこVIhàng tồn đọng

Stock that has not sold or moved for a long time.

inventory turnover

JA在庫回転率 ざいこかいてんりつVIvòng quay hàng tồn kho

How many times inventory is sold and replaced in a period.

ABC analysis

JAABC分析 エービーシーぶんせきVIphân tích ABC

Classifying items into A, B and C groups by value to prioritize control.

replenishment

JA補充 ほじゅうVIbổ sung hàng

Restocking a warehouse or pick location as levels fall.

cross-docking

JAクロスドッキングVIcross-docking (chuyển thẳng)

Transferring inbound goods straight to outbound transport with little or no storage.

distribution center

JA物流センター ぶつりゅうセンターVItrung tâm phân phối (DC)

A facility receiving bulk goods and distributing them to stores or customers.

bonded warehouse

JA保税倉庫 ほぜいそうこVIkho ngoại quan

A customs-controlled warehouse storing goods before import duties are paid.

cold storage

JA冷蔵倉庫 れいぞうそうこVIkho lạnh

Temperature-controlled storage for perishable goods.

cold chain

JAコールドチェーンVIchuỗi cung ứng lạnh

A supply chain maintaining low temperature continuously during storage and transport.

loading dock

JA荷捌き場 にさばきばVIcầu dỡ hàng (dock)

The warehouse area where trucks park for loading and unloading.

order fulfillment

JAフルフィルメントVIxử lý đơn hàng (fulfillment)

The full process of receiving, picking, packing and delivering orders.

3PL

JA3PL（サードパーティー・ロジスティクス） スリーピーエルVIdịch vụ logistics bên thứ ba (3PL)

Third-Party Logistics: outsourcing warehousing and transport to a specialist provider.

supply chain

JAサプライチェーンVIchuỗi cung ứng

The network from suppliers through production and distribution to consumers.

SCM

JAサプライチェーン・マネジメントVIquản lý chuỗi cung ứng (SCM)

Supply Chain Management: coordinating goods, information and money across the chain.

demand forecasting

JA需要予測 じゅようよそくVIdự báo nhu cầu

Estimating future customer demand to plan supply.

lead time

JAリードタイムVIthời gian chờ (lead time)

The time between placing an order and receiving it.

just-in-time

JAジャストインタイムVIđúng lúc (JIT)

Supplying exactly what is needed when needed to minimize inventory.

kanban

JAかんばんVIkanban (thẻ kéo hàng)

A card or signal triggering material replenishment in a pull system.

bullwhip effect

JAブルウィップ効果 ブルウィップこうかVIhiệu ứng roi da (bullwhip)

Demand fluctuations amplifying as they move upstream in the supply chain.

inbound logistics

JA調達物流 ちょうたつぶつりゅうVIlogistics đầu vào

The flow of materials from suppliers into a plant or warehouse.

outbound logistics

JA販売物流 はんばいぶつりゅうVIlogistics đầu ra

The flow of finished goods from plant or warehouse to customers.

reverse logistics

JA静脈物流 じょうみゃくぶつりゅうVIlogistics ngược

The flow of returns, recalls and recycling back from customers.

stock transfer

JA在庫移動 ざいこいどうVIchuyển kho

Moving stock between warehouses or locations of the same company.

shrinkage

JA棚卸減耗 たなおろしげんもうVIhao hụt hàng

Loss of stock versus records due to theft, damage or errors.

order picking accuracy

JAピッキング精度 ピッキングせいどVItỷ lệ lấy hàng chính xác

The share of order lines picked with the correct item and quantity.

OTIF

JAOTIF（納期・数量遵守率） オーティーアイエフ（のうき・すうりょうじゅんしゅりつ）VIgiao đúng hạn đủ hàng (OTIF)

On Time In Full: the share of orders delivered on time and complete.

kitting

JAキッティングVIgom bộ (kitting)

Grouping separate components or items into a ready-to-ship kit.

shelf life

JA賞味期間 しょうみきかんVIhạn sử dụng (thời hạn bảo quản)

The period a product remains usable or saleable under proper storage.

unit load

JAユニットロードVIđơn vị hàng hoá (unit load)

Grouping goods into a standard unit such as a pallet for single handling.

export

JA輸出 ゆしゅつVIxuất khẩu

Selling or sending goods out of a country.

import

JA輸入 ゆにゅうVInhập khẩu

Buying or bringing goods into a country from abroad.

exporter

JA輸出者 ゆしゅつしゃVInhà xuất khẩu

A company or person that sells and ships goods abroad.

importer

JA輸入者 ゆにゅうしゃVInhà nhập khẩu

A company or person that buys and brings in goods from abroad.

customs clearance

JA通関 つうかんVIthông quan

Completing customs formalities so goods may be exported or imported.

customs declaration

JA税関申告書 ぜいかんしんこくしょVItờ khai hải quan

A document declaring details of goods to customs authorities.

customs broker

JA通関業者 つうかんぎょうしゃVIđại lý hải quan

A licensed agent who handles customs formalities for traders.

customs office

JA税関 ぜいかんVIchi cục hải quan

The government authority controlling goods crossing borders and collecting duties.

HS code

JAHSコード エイチエスコードVImã HS

Harmonized System code: the international product classification number used for duties.

tariff classification

JA関税分類 かんぜいぶんるいVIphân loại hàng hoá (áp mã)

Determining the correct HS code for goods to apply the duty rate.

import duty

JA輸入関税 ゆにゅうかんぜいVIthuế nhập khẩu

Tax levied on imported goods based on HS code and value.

import VAT

JA輸入消費税 ゆにゅうしょうひぜいVIthuế GTGT hàng nhập khẩu

Value-added tax collected when goods are imported.

customs value

JA課税価格 かぜいかかくVItrị giá hải quan

The value used as the basis for duty, usually the CIF value.

commercial invoice

JA商業送り状 しょうぎょうおくりじょうVIhoá đơn thương mại

The seller's invoice stating goods, quantity, unit price and total.

proforma invoice

JA見積送り状 みつもりおくりじょうVIhoá đơn chiếu lệ

A preliminary invoice sent in advance for quotation, payment or licensing.

certificate of origin

JA原産地証明書 げんさんちしょうめいしょVIgiấy chứng nhận xuất xứ (C/O)

A document certifying the country where goods were produced.

preferential tariff

JA特恵関税 とっけいかんぜいVIthuế suất ưu đãi

A reduced duty rate for goods originating in agreement partner countries.

FTA

JA自由貿易協定 じゆうぼうえききょうていVIhiệp định thương mại tự do (FTA)

Free Trade Agreement: a pact between countries cutting tariffs and trade barriers.

EPA

JA経済連携協定 けいざいれんけいきょうていVIhiệp định đối tác kinh tế (EPA)

Economic Partnership Agreement: a broader pact than an FTA, such as Japan–Vietnam EPA.

rules of origin

JA原産地規則 げんさんちきそくVIquy tắc xuất xứ

Criteria determining a product's origin for preferential treatment.

import license

JA輸入許可証 ゆにゅうきょかしょうVIgiấy phép nhập khẩu

A government permit allowing import of certain goods.

export license

JA輸出許可証 ゆしゅつきょかしょうVIgiấy phép xuất khẩu

A permit allowing export of controlled goods.

export control

JA輸出管理 ゆしゅつかんりVIkiểm soát xuất khẩu

Rules restricting export of sensitive or dual-use goods and technology.

physical inspection

JA現物検査 げんぶつけんさVIkiểm hoá (kiểm tra thực tế)

Customs physically examining goods against the declaration.

green channel

JA簡易審査 かんいしんさVIluồng xanh

A declaration cleared immediately without document or physical checks.

yellow channel

JA書類審査 しょるいしんさVIluồng vàng

A declaration requiring document review but no physical inspection.

red channel

JA検査扱い けんさあつかいVIluồng đỏ

A declaration requiring both document review and physical inspection.

customs release

JA輸入許可 ゆにゅうきょかVIgiải phóng hàng

Customs permission to remove goods from customs control.

post-clearance audit

JA事後調査 じごちょうさVIkiểm tra sau thông quan

Customs review of a trader's records after goods have been cleared.

duty drawback

JA戻し税 もどしぜいVIhoàn thuế

Refund of import duty when goods are re-exported or used in exported products.

duty exemption

JA関税免除 かんぜいめんじょVImiễn thuế

Relief from paying import duty under law or incentive.

processing trade

JA委託加工貿易 いたくかこうぼうえきVIgia công xuất khẩu

Processing foreign-supplied materials and exporting the finished goods back.

temporary import for re-export

JA再輸出免税 さいゆしゅつめんぜいVItạm nhập tái xuất

Importing goods temporarily and then re-exporting them, usually duty-free.

export processing zone

JA輸出加工区 ゆしゅつかこうくVIkhu chế xuất

An industrial zone producing for export under special customs rules.

free trade zone

JA自由貿易地域 じゆうぼうえきちいきVIkhu thương mại tự do

An area where goods may be stored or processed without paying import duty.

anti-dumping duty

JAアンチダンピング関税 アンチダンピングかんぜいVIthuế chống bán phá giá

An extra duty on imports sold below normal value.

quota

JA輸入割当 ゆにゅうわりあてVIhạn ngạch

A limit on the quantity or value of goods allowed in or out.

sanitary and phytosanitary measures

JA衛生植物検疫措置 えいせいしょくぶつけんえきそちVIbiện pháp kiểm dịch động thực vật (SPS)

Rules protecting human, animal and plant health applied to imports, abbreviated SPS.

quarantine

JA検疫 けんえきVIkiểm dịch

Inspection of plants and animals to prevent spread of pests and disease.

phytosanitary certificate

JA植物検疫証明書 しょくぶつけんえきしょうめいしょVIgiấy chứng nhận kiểm dịch thực vật

A certificate stating plant products are free from pests.

fumigation certificate

JA燻蒸証明書 くんじょうしょうめいしょVIgiấy chứng nhận hun trùng

A certificate confirming goods or wooden packaging were fumigated.

certificate of analysis

JA分析証明書 ぶんせきしょうめいしょVIgiấy chứng nhận phân tích (COA)

A report of test results on a batch's composition and quality.

inspection certificate

JA検査証明書 けんさしょうめいしょVIchứng thư giám định

A certificate from an inspection body confirming quantity or quality.

specialized inspection

JA他法令確認 たほうれいかくにんVIkiểm tra chuyên ngành

Checks under other laws, such as food safety or technical standards, before clearance.

shipping documents

JA船積書類 ふなづみしょるいVIbộ chứng từ

The set of invoice, packing list, B/L, C/O and others used for delivery and payment.

sales contract

JA売買契約書 ばいばいけいやくしょVIhợp đồng mua bán (hợp đồng ngoại thương)

An agreement between foreign seller and buyer on goods, price and delivery.

Incoterms

JAインコタームズVIIncoterms (điều kiện thương mại)

ICC rules allocating costs and risks between seller and buyer.

FOB

JA本船渡し ほんせんわたしVIgiao lên tàu (FOB)

Free On Board: seller bears risk until goods are loaded on the vessel at origin.

CIF

JA運賃保険料込み うんちんほけんりょうこみVItiền hàng, bảo hiểm và cước (CIF)

Cost, Insurance and Freight: seller pays freight and insurance to destination port.

EXW

JA工場渡し こうじょうわたしVIgiao tại xưởng (EXW)

Ex Works: buyer collects at seller's premises and bears all later costs.

DDP

JA関税込持込渡し かんぜいこみもちこみわたしVIgiao đã nộp thuế (DDP)

Delivered Duty Paid: seller delivers to the buyer's place with import duties paid.

telegraphic transfer

JA電信送金 でんしんそうきんVIchuyển tiền bằng điện (T/T)

International payment by bank wire transfer, abbreviated T/T.

documents against payment

JA支払渡し しはらいわたしVInhờ thu trả tiền đổi chứng từ (D/P)

Collection where the buyer receives documents only after paying, abbreviated D/P.

documents against acceptance

JA引受渡し ひきうけわたしVInhờ thu chấp nhận đổi chứng từ (D/A)

Collection where the buyer accepts a draft to get documents and pays later, abbreviated D/A.

e-customs

JA輸出入・港湾関連情報処理システム（NACCS） ゆしゅつにゅう・こうわんかんれんじょうほうしょりシステム（ナックス）VIhải quan điện tử (VNACCS)

Electronic customs filing systems, VNACCS in Vietnam and NACCS in Japan.

AEO

JAAEO（認定事業者） エーイーオー（にんていじぎょうしゃ）VIdoanh nghiệp ưu tiên (AEO)

Authorized Economic Operator: a trader certified compliant by customs for faster procedures.

advance ruling

JA事前教示 じぜんきょうじVIxác định trước (mã số, trị giá)

A binding customs decision in advance on a product's code, value or origin.

re-export

JA再輸出 さいゆしゅつVItái xuất

Exporting previously imported goods without substantial processing.

customs penalty

JA関税法違反の罰則 かんぜいほういはんのばっそくVIphạt vi phạm hải quan

A sanction for misdeclaration, late filing or other customs violations.

trade compliance

JA貿易コンプライアンス ぼうえきコンプライアンスVItuân thủ thương mại

Ensuring trade activities follow customs, tax and export-control laws.

country of origin marking

JA原産国表示 げんさんこくひょうじVIghi nhãn xuất xứ

Showing the producing country on goods or packaging, e.g. Made in Vietnam.

sample shipment

JAサンプル輸送 サンプルゆそうVIgửi hàng mẫu

Sending product samples abroad, often by courier with simplified declaration.

purchasing

JA購買 こうばいVImua hàng

The activity of buying materials, goods and services for a company.

procurement

JA調達 ちょうたつVIthu mua (procurement)

The full process of sourcing, negotiating, buying and managing supply.

buyer

JAバイヤーVInhân viên mua hàng

The person responsible for finding suppliers, negotiating and ordering.

supplier

JAサプライヤーVInhà cung cấp

A business that sells goods or services to the company.

vendor

JAベンダーVInhà cung cấp (vendor)

A selling party, the usual ERP term for a supplier.

purchase requisition

JA購買依頼 こうばいいらいVIđề nghị mua hàng (PR)

An internal request asking purchasing to buy materials or services.

purchase order

JA発注書 はっちゅうしょVIđơn đặt hàng (PO)

A formal document to a supplier stating items, quantity, price and delivery date.

order acknowledgement

JA注文請書 ちゅうもんうけしょVIxác nhận đơn hàng

A supplier's document confirming acceptance of a purchase order.

request for quotation

JA見積依頼 みつもりいらいVIyêu cầu báo giá (RFQ)

A document inviting suppliers to quote prices for specific items, abbreviated RFQ.

quotation

JA見積書 みつもりしょVIbáo giá

A supplier's document stating price and terms of sale.

request for proposal

JA提案依頼書 ていあんいらいしょVIhồ sơ mời đề xuất (RFP)

A document inviting suppliers to propose solutions and prices for complex needs.

tender

JA入札 にゅうさつVIđấu thầu

Inviting competitive bids from suppliers to select the best offer.

bid comparison

JA相見積もり あいみつもりVIso sánh báo giá

Obtaining and comparing quotes from several suppliers.

sourcing

JAソーシングVItìm nguồn hàng

Finding, evaluating and selecting suitable suppliers.

strategic sourcing

JA戦略的調達 せんりゃくてきちょうたつVItìm nguồn chiến lược

Selecting supply sources based on spend analysis and long-term goals.

single sourcing

JAシングルソーシングVImột nguồn cung

Deliberately buying an item from only one supplier.

multiple sourcing

JA複数購買 ふくすうこうばいVIđa nguồn cung

Buying the same item from several suppliers to reduce risk.

offshore sourcing

JA海外調達 かいがいちょうたつVImua hàng từ nước ngoài

Sourcing goods from suppliers in other countries.

supplier evaluation

JAサプライヤー評価 サプライヤーひょうかVIđánh giá nhà cung cấp

Rating suppliers on quality, price, delivery and service.

supplier audit

JAサプライヤー監査 サプライヤーかんさVIđánh giá tại nhà cung cấp (audit)

An on-site review of a supplier's facilities and processes.

approved vendor list

JA取引先承認リスト とりひきさきしょうにんリストVIdanh sách nhà cung cấp được duyệt (AVL)

A list of suppliers that passed evaluation and are approved to trade.

vendor master

JA仕入先マスタ しいれさきマスタVIdữ liệu chủ nhà cung cấp

Core supplier records in the ERP, such as name, address and payment terms.

supplier relationship management

JAサプライヤー関係管理 サプライヤーかんけいかんりVIquản lý quan hệ nhà cung cấp (SRM)

A systematic approach to managing and developing supplier relationships, abbreviated SRM.

supplier development

JAサプライヤー育成 サプライヤーいくせいVIphát triển nhà cung cấp

Helping suppliers improve capability in quality, cost and delivery.

negotiation

JA交渉 こうしょうVIđàm phán

Discussing with suppliers to agree on price and terms.

unit price

JA単価 たんかVIđơn giá

The price for one unit of goods.

MOQ

JA最小発注数量 さいしょうはっちゅうすうりょうVIsố lượng đặt hàng tối thiểu (MOQ)

Minimum Order Quantity: the smallest amount a supplier accepts per order.

volume discount

JA数量割引 すうりょうわりびきVIchiết khấu theo số lượng

A price reduction for buying in large quantities.

payment terms

JA支払条件 しはらいじょうけんVIđiều khoản thanh toán

Agreed timing and method of payment, e.g. net 30 days from invoice.

delivery date

JA納期 のうきVIngày giao hàng

The date the supplier must deliver under the order.

delivery delay

JA納期遅延 のうきちえんVIgiao hàng trễ

Goods delivered after the committed date.

expediting

JA納期督促 のうきとくそくVIđôn đốc giao hàng

Following up and pushing suppliers to deliver on or ahead of time.

framework agreement

JA基本取引契約 きほんとりひきけいやくVIhợp đồng khung

A contract setting general terms for repeated purchases over a period.

blanket order

JA包括発注 ほうかつはっちゅうVIđơn hàng tổng (blanket PO)

A long-term order for a total quantity released in multiple deliveries.

spot purchase

JAスポット購入 スポットこうにゅうVImua lẻ (mua ngay)

A one-off purchase at current market price outside long-term contracts.

goods received note

JA受領書 じゅりょうしょVIbiên bản nhận hàng (GRN)

A document confirming receipt of a supplier's goods, used for payment matching.

acceptance inspection

JA受入検査 うけいれけんさVIkiểm tra nghiệm thu đầu vào

Checking the quality of purchased goods before accepting them.

three-way match

JA三点照合 さんてんしょうごうVIđối chiếu ba chiều

Matching the PO, goods receipt and invoice before payment.

supplier invoice

JA仕入請求書 しいれせいきゅうしょVIhoá đơn nhà cung cấp

An invoice from a supplier requesting payment for delivered goods.

accounts payable

JA買掛金 かいかけきんVIcông nợ phải trả

Money the company owes to its suppliers.

cost reduction

JAコストダウンVIcắt giảm chi phí

Measures that lower purchase prices and total supply cost.

total cost of ownership

JA総保有コスト そうほゆうコストVItổng chi phí sở hữu (TCO)

All costs of buying, operating, maintaining and disposing of a product, abbreviated TCO.

spend analysis

JA支出分析 ししゅつぶんせきVIphân tích chi tiêu

Analyzing purchase data by category and supplier to find savings.

category management

JAカテゴリーマネジメントVIquản lý theo nhóm hàng

Organizing purchasing by spend category, each with its own strategy.

direct materials

JA直接材 ちょくせつざいVIvật tư trực tiếp

Materials that become part of the finished product.

indirect materials

JA間接材 かんせつざいVIvật tư gián tiếp (MRO)

Goods supporting operations, such as supplies and spare parts, not in the product.

MRP

JA資材所要量計画 しざいしょようりょうけいかくVIhoạch định nhu cầu vật tư (MRP)

Material Requirements Planning: calculating material needs from the production plan.

BOM

JA部品表 ぶひんひょうVIđịnh mức nguyên vật liệu (BOM)

Bill of Materials: the list of components and quantities needed to make a product.

ERP

JAERP（統合基幹業務システム） イーアールピー（とうごうきかんぎょうむシステム）VIhệ thống ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning: integrated software for purchasing, inventory, accounting and production.

e-procurement

JA電子調達 でんしちょうたつVImua sắm điện tử

Conducting purchasing through online systems and platforms.

economic order quantity

JA経済的発注量 けいざいてきはっちゅうりょうVIlượng đặt hàng tối ưu (EOQ)

The order size minimizing combined ordering and holding costs, abbreviated EOQ.

make or buy decision

JA内外製判断 ないがいせいはんだんVIquyết định tự làm hay mua ngoài

Choosing between producing a part in-house or buying it from a supplier.

outsourcing

JA外注 がいちゅうVIthuê ngoài

Contracting an external party to perform a process or service.

subcontractor

JA協力会社 きょうりょくがいしゃVInhà thầu phụ (gia công)

A company that makes parts or performs work under contract for the firm.

QCD

JAQCD キューシーディーVIchất lượng – chi phí – giao hàng (QCD)

Quality, Cost, Delivery: the three core criteria for judging suppliers.

supplier scorecard

JAサプライヤースコアカードVIbảng điểm nhà cung cấp

A periodic report of supplier performance metrics.

corrective action request

JA是正処置要求 ぜせいしょちようきゅうVIyêu cầu khắc phục

A request for a supplier to find the root cause and correct a quality issue.

non-conforming goods

JA不適合品 ふてきごうひんVIhàng không đạt (hàng lỗi)

Received goods that fail to meet specifications or quality requirements.

return to vendor

JA返品 へんぴんVItrả hàng nhà cung cấp

Sending defective or excess goods back to the supplier.

supply risk

JA調達リスク ちょうたつリスクVIrủi ro nguồn cung

The chance of supply disruption from supplier failure, disasters or politics.

price escalation clause

JA価格改定条項 かかくかいていじょうこうVIđiều khoản điều chỉnh giá

A clause allowing price changes when input costs change.

NDA

JA秘密保持契約 ひみつほじけいやくVIthoả thuận bảo mật (NDA)

Non-Disclosure Agreement: a commitment not to disclose confidential information shared.

sustainable procurement

JA持続可能な調達 じぞくかのうなちょうたつVImua sắm bền vững

Purchasing that considers environmental, social and ethical impacts.